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Chapter 4: Problem 2

Discuss the differences among sex-influenced, sex-limited, and sex-linked inheritance. Give examples.

Short Answer

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In sex-influenced inheritance, an individual's gender affects the expression of a certain gene, like pattern baldness. Sex-limited inheritance refers to when a trait's expression is strictly restricted to one sex, such as the long, colorful tail feathers in male peacocks. Sex-linked inheritance pertains to genes located on sex chromosomes, like the gene causing haemophilia on the X chromosome.

Step by step solution

01

Define Sex-influenced inheritance

In sex-influenced inheritance, an individual's sex impacts the expression of a certain gene. The trait doesn't have to be associated with the individual's gender. For example, pattern baldness in humans is a sex-influenced trait. Men are more likely to experience it than women, even though both sexes can carry the genes that cause it.
02

Define Sex-limited inheritance

Sex-limited inheritance refers to when a trait's expression is limited to just one sex. It's not that one gender is more likely to exhibit the trait than the other, but rather that only one sex can express the trait. For example, in birds like peacocks, only males exhibit the trait of long, colorful tail feathers.
03

Define Sex-linked inheritance

Sex-linked inheritance pertains to genes that are located on the sex chromosomes (either X or Y chromosome), and are hence linked to the sex of an individual. An example of sex-linked inheritance is hemophilia, a disorder that prevents blood from clotting properly, which is more common in males than females because the gene that causes it is found on the X chromosome.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A woman with type B blood has a child with type \(\mathrm{O}\) blood. What are the possible genotypes and blood types of the father?

In Shorthorn cattle, coat color is controlled by a single gene that can exist as a red allele \((R)\) or a white allele \((r)\). The heterozygotes \((R r)\) have a color called roan that looks less red than the \(R R\) homozygotes. However, when examined carefully, the roan phenotype in cattle is actually due to a mixture of completely red hairs and completely white hairs. Should this be called incomplete dominance, codominance, or something else? Explain your reasoning.

In chickens, the Leghorn variety has white feathers due to an autosomal dominant allele. Silkies have white feathers due to a recessive allele in a second (different) gene. If a true-breeding white Leghorn is crossed to a true-breeding white Silkie, what is the expected phenotype of the \(F_{1}\) generation? If members of the \(F_{1}\) generation are mated to each other, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the \(\mathrm{F}_{2}\) generation? Assume the chickens in the parental generation are homozygous for the white allele at one gene and homozygous for the brown allele at the other gene. In subsequent generations, nonwhite birds will be brown.

A type A woman is the daughter of a type \(\mathrm{O}\) father and a type \(\mathrm{A}\) mother. If she has children with a type \(\mathrm{AB}\) man, what are the following probabilities? A. A type \(\mathrm{AB}\) child B. A type \(O\) child C. The first three children with type \(A B\) D. A family composed of two children with type B blood and one child with type \(\mathrm{AB}\)

The blood serum from one individual (let's call this person individual 1 ) is known to agglutinate the red blood cells from a second individual (individual 2). List the pairwise combinations of possible genotypes that individuals 1 and 2 could have. If individual 1 is the parent of individual 2, what are his or her possible genotypes?
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