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Chapter 4: Problem 1

Describe the differences among dominance, incomplete dominance, codominance, and overdominance.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Dominance refers to the masking of one allele by another. Incomplete dominance results in a blend of the characteristics of two alleles. Codominance leads to the distinct and full expression of both alleles. Overdominance describes a situation where a heterozygote shows greater performance than a homozygote.

Step by step solution

01

Define Dominance

Dominance in genetics is a phenomenon where an allele of a gene located on one chromosome shows its effect in the organism while the allele of the same gene located on the paired chromosome is unable to express itself. This expressed allele is called the 'dominant' allele while the masked one is the 'recessive' allele.
02

Define Incomplete Dominance

Incomplete dominance is a phenomenon where a heterozygote, an organism with two different alleles for a gene, displays an intermediate phenotype between the two homozygous genotypes. This means neither allele can fully express itself and the phenotype of the offspring is a blend or an intermediate of the characteristics of the parent organisms.
03

Define Codominance

Codominance is the condition where both alleles in a heterozygous organism express themselves fully. This results in an offspring with a phenotype that equally represents both alleles, but distinctly and not as a blend. A classic example is the AB blood group in humans.
04

Define Overdominance

Overdominance refers to the phenomenon where the heterozygote is more fit, shows greater performance, or expresses more extreme characteristics than homozygous individuals for the trait in question. For example, certain disease resistances in plants often show overdominance.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What is meant by a gene interaction? How can a gene interaction be explained at the molecular level?

In cats, a temperature-sensitive allele produces the Siamese phenotype, in which the cooler extremities are dark and the warmer trunk area is lighter. A Siamese cat that spends most of its time outside was accidentally injured in a trap and required several stitches in its right front paw. The veterinarian had to shave the fur from the paw and leg, which originally had rather dark fur. Later, when the fur grew back, it was much lighter than the fur on the other three legs. Do you think this injury occurred in the hot summer or cold winter? Explain your answer.

Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive trait in humans. If a heterozygous woman has children with an unaffected man, what is the probability of each of the following combinations of children? A. An affected son B. Four unaffected offspring in a row C. An unaffected daughter or son D. Two affected offspring out of five

In rabbits, the color of body fat is controlled by a single gene with two alleles, designated \(Y\) and \(y\). The outcome of this trait is affected by the diet of the rabbit. When raised on a standard vegetarian diet, the dominant \(Y\) allele confers white body fat, and the \(y\) allele confers yellow body fat. However, when raised on a xanthophyll-free diet, a homozygote \(y y\) rabbit has white body fat. If a heterozygous rabbit is crossed to a rabbit with yellow body fat, what are the proportions of offspring with white and yellow body fat when raised on a standard vegetarian diet? How do the proportions change if the offspring are raised on a xanthophyll-free diet?

A woman with type B blood has a child with type \(\mathrm{O}\) blood. What are the possible genotypes and blood types of the father?
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