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Chapter 29: Problem 6

Distinguish between anagenesis and cladogenesis. Which mechanism of speciation is more prevalent? Why?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Anagenesis is evolution within a species without branching, while cladogenesis is evolutionary branching, leading to multiple species. Cladogenesis is more prevalent due to the diversity and survival advantage it provides to species.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Anagenesis

Anagenesis is a type of evolution where change occurs within a species without any branching. Over time, an entire population evolves to become so different from the original population that it can be classified as a new species. This is also referred to as 'phyletic transformation'.
02

Definition of Cladogenesis

Cladogenesis is a type of evolution where a species branches off into two or more new ones. This branching is also known as speciation. In cladogenesis, the parent species can continue to exist along with the new species.
03

Prevalence of Cladogenesis over Anagenesis

Cladogenesis is seen as more prevalent in nature than anagenesis. This is mainly due to biodiversity and the survival advantage that comes with it. Diverse species that come about due to branching can adapt to different environments and circumstances, ensuring their survival. Therefore, the branching off leads to the creation of different niches for the organisms, enabling their continued existence.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Alloploids are produced by crosses involving two different species. Explain why alloploids may be reproductively isolated from the two original species from which they were derived. Explain why alloploids are usually sterile, whereas allotetraploids (containing a diploid set from each species) are commonly fertile.

Evolution, which involves genetic changes in a population of organisms over time, is often described as the unifying theme in biology. Discuss how evolution is unifying at the molecular and cellular levels.

for each of the following examples, discuss whether the observed result is due to neutral mutations or mutations that have been acted on by natural selection, or both: A. When comparing sequences of homologous genes, differences in the coding sequence are most common at the wobble base (i.e., the third base in each codon). B. For a protein-encoding gene, the regions that encode portions of the polypeptide that are vital for structure and function are less likely to display mutations than other regions of the gene. C. When comparing the sequences of homologous genes, introns usually have more sequence differences than exons.

Describe three or more genetic mechanisms that may lead to the rapid evolution of a new species. Which of these genetic mechanisms are influenced by natural selection, and which are not?

If you were comparing the karyotypes of species that are closely related evolutionarily, what types of similarities and differences would you expect to find?
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