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Chapter 26: Problem 9

Gradients of morphogens can be preestablished in the oocyte. Also, later in development, morphogens can be secreted from cells. How are these two processes similar and different?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The two processes are similar as morphogens in both sites establish a concentration gradient, leading to cell differentiation. They differ in that the morphogen gradient in the oocyte is preestablished before fertilization and happens within a single cell. Meanwhile, gradients of cell-secreted morphogens are established during ongoing development, allowing for cell-to-cell communication and tissue pattern formation.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the role of morphogens in the oocyte

Morphogens in the oocyte are important for establishing developmental patterns. The oocyte initially contains prepatterned concentrations of these regulators. Morphogens are distributed gradiently within the oocyte, with different concentrations causing the formation of distinct cell types in varying positions.
02

Understand the role of morphogens secreted from cells

As development progresses, morphogens can also be secreted directly from cells into their surrounding environment. They then diffuse through tissues, creating a concentration gradient. These diffused morphogens interact with the cells they encounter, often leading to the differentiation of these cells into certain types based on the morphogen concentration.
03

Identify the similarities

Both processes involve morphogens creating a concentration gradient that leads to cell differentiation and pattern formation. In the oocyte, and later in development, the interaction between morphogens and cells can initiate gene expression, leading to cell differentiation.
04

Identify the differences

In the oocyte, the gradient of morphogens is preestablished before fertilization and relies on the maternal contribution of components. This occurs within a single cell. In contrast, cell-secreted morphogens function across multiple cells and their gradients are established during ongoing development, which allows for cell communication and tissue pattern formation.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

C26. What is a totipotent cell? In each of the following types of organisms, which cells are totipotent? A. Humans B. Corn C. Yeast D. Bacteria

Explain what a morphogen is, and describe how it exerts its effects. What do you expect will happen when a morphogen is expressed in the wrong place in an embryo? List five examples of morphogens that function in Drosophila.

With regard to development, what are the roles of the maternaleffect genes versus the zygotic genes? Which types of genes are needed earlier in the development process?

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true with regard to positional information in Drosophila? A. Morphogens are a type of molecule that conveys positional information. B. Morphogenetic gradients are established only in the oocyte, prior to fertilization. C. Cell adhesion molecules also provide a way for a cell to obtain positional information.

If a mutation in a homeotic gene produced the following phenotypes, would you expect it to be a loss-of-function or a gain-offunction mutation? Explain your answer. A. An abdominal segment has antennae attached to it. B. The most anterior abdominal segment resembles the most posterior thoracic segment. C. The most anterior thoracic segment resembles the most posterior abdominal segment.
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