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Chapter 18: Problem 4

What is a viral envelope? Describe how it is made.

Short Answer

Expert verified
A viral envelope is a lipid bilayer that surrounds some viruses. It is derived from the host's cell membrane and contains proteins that aid the virus in infecting the host cell. It is formed when the virus buds from a host cell, taking a piece of the cell's membrane with it to create the envelope.

Step by step solution

01

Define a Viral Envelope

A viral envelope is essentially a lipid bilayer that wraps or 'envelops' some viruses. It is derived from a portion of the host's cell membrane and consists of a lipid bilayer in which proteins, coded by viral genes, are embedded.
02

Elaborate on Viral Envelope Functionality

The viral envelope serves multiple purposes, such as aiding the virus in entering host cells. It hosts a variety of proteins that allow the virus to enter and infect the host cell.
03

Describe the Formation of a Viral Envelope

The viral envelope is created when a virus buds from a host cell. During this process, a piece of the host's cellular membrane is taken and wrapped around the virus particle, thus creating the envelope. The proteins that the envelope carries are inserted into this layer during the budding process. This mechanism often results in the death of the host cell.

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