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Chapter 18: Problem 21

Describe how HIV DNA is integrated into a chromosome of the host cell.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The HIV virus enters the host cell and uses reverse transcriptase to convert its RNA into DNA. This DNA along with the 'pre-integration complex' moves into the nucleus, where it is integrated into the host cell's chromosome by integrase. The host cell then begins to produce new HIV particles.

Step by step solution

01

Introduction of HIV to the cell

The initial part of the process is the introduction of the HIV virus into the host cell. The HIV virus attaches itself to the host cell and fuses with the cell membrane, entering the cell and releasing two strands of RNA and reverse transcriptase, the enzyme that will convert RNA into DNA.
02

Transcription of virus RNA

The reverse transcriptase enzyme decodes the virus RNA into DNA. It uses one of the viral RNA strands as a template to manufacture a DNA version.
03

Transport of virus DNA

This newly transcribed viral DNA along with other virus and host proteins known as the 'pre-integration complex' is transported into the nucleus of the host cell.
04

Integration of virus DNA into the Host Chromosome

The HIV enzyme integrase inserts the virus DNA into the host cell's chromosome. The viral DNA is now part of the host cell's genetic material and can be transcribed and translated into virus proteins.
05

Production of new virus particles

This integrated viral DNA instructs the host cell machinery to produce new HIV particles. The host cell does this unaware that it is producing components of a foreign virus, which will ultimately lead to its self-destruction.

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