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Chapter 14: Problem 7

What is enzyme adaptation? From a genetic point of view, how does it occur?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Enzyme adaptation is an organism's ability to alter its enzyme levels according to environmental or metabolic needs. It is genetically controlled. When an enzyme is needed, the corresponding gene is 'expressed' or 'turned on' to code for that enzyme. When the enzyme is no longer required, the gene is 'repressed' or 'turned off'. This gene regulation helps adapt enzyme levels as per needs.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding enzyme adaptation

Enzyme adaptation means an organism's ability to modify its enzyme levels in response to environmental or metabolic changes. This could mean more enzymes are produced when needed or less when not necessary for biological functions.
02

Role of genes in enzyme production

Enzymes are protein molecules, and like all proteins, their production is genetically controlled. The DNA in the genes encodes the information needed to construct proteins, including enzymes. The part of the DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein is called a gene.
03

Genetic control of enzyme adaptation

The adaptation of enzyme levels occurs at the genetic level via a mechanism called gene regulation. This process involves the turning on and off of genes. When a particular enzyme is required, the gene responsible for coding that enzyme is 'turned on' - a process known as gene expression. When that enzyme is no longer required, the gene is 'turned off' - a process known as gene repression. This regulation allows an organism to adapt its enzyme levels according to need.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

An operon is repressible-a small effector molecule turns off its transcription. Which combination(s) of small effector molecule and regulatory protein could be involved in this process? A. An inducer plus a repressor B. A corepressor plus a repressor C. An inhibitor plus an activator D. An inducer plus an activator

If an abnormal repressor protein could still bind allolactose but the binding of allolactose did not alter the conformation of the repressor protein, how would the expression of the lac operon be affected?

What is antisense RNA? How does it affect the translation of a complementary mRNA?

How are the actions of lac repressor and trp repressor similar and how are they different with regard to their binding to operator sites, their effects on transcription, and the influences of small effector molecules?

What is the difference between a constitutive gene and a regulated gene?
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