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Chapter 13: Problem 31

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The primary function of the nucleolus is to produce and assemble ribosome's subunits which are vital for protein synthesis. It is also involved in additional cellular activities such as cell-cycle regulation and stress responses.

Step by step solution

01

Identifying the Location and General Function of Nucleolus

The nucleolus, located within the nucleus of a cell, is primarily known for its role in producing ribosomes which are vital for protein synthesis. It's considered the largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
02

Discussing the Role in Ribosome Biogenesis

One of the primary roles of the nucleolus is to transcribe and assemble ribosomal RNA (rRNA) subunits. These rRNA subunits, coupled with proteins, result in the formation of ribosomal subunits. These subunits migrate out of the nucleus, into the cytoplasm where they undergo final maturation.
03

Listing Additional Functions of the Nucleolus

Beyond playing a critical role in ribosome assembly, the nucleolus is also involved in other important cellular activities. These include cell-cycle regulation, stress responses, and the modification and assembly of transfer RNA and small nuclear RNA.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

How does a eukaryotic ribosome select its start codon? Describe the sequences in eukaryotic mRNA that provide an optimal context for a start codon.

An mRNA encodes a polypeptide that is 312 amino acids in length. The 53 rd codon in this polypeptide is a tryptophan codon. A mutation in the gene that encodes this polypeptide changes this tryptophan codon into a stop codon. How many amino acids would be in the resulting polypeptide: \(52,53,259\), or 260 ?

Describe the anticodon of a single tRNA that could recognize the codons 5'-AAC-3' and 5'-AAU-3'. What type(s) of base modification to this tRNA would allow it to also recognize \(5^{\prime}-\mathrm{AAA}-3^{\prime}\) ?

Describe the sequence in bacterial mRNA that promotes recognition by the \(30 \mathrm{~S}\) subunit.

An mRNA has the following sequence: 5'-GGCGAUGGGCAAUAAACCGGGCCAGUAAGC-3' Identify the start codon, and determine the complete amino acid sequence that would be translated from this mRNA.
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