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Chapter 12: Problem 31

In eukaryotes, what types of modifications occur to pre-mRNAs?

Short Answer

Expert verified
In eukaryotes, pre-mRNAs undergo three main types of modifications: 5' capping, 3' polyadenylation, and RNA splicing.

Step by step solution

01

Introduction to pre-mRNA

Pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is a type of primary transcript and the initial version of mRNA which is directly synthesized from a DNA template during transcription. However, before becoming the mature mRNA that can be translated into protein sequences, pre-mRNA undergoes a series of modifications.
02

5' capping

The first modification is the addition of a cap to the 5' end of the pre-mRNA. This 'cap' is a modified guanine nucleotide, which protects the pre-mRNA from degradation, assists in ribosome binding during translation, and aids in the export of the mRNA from the nucleus.
03

3' polyadenylation

The second modification is the addition of a poly-A tail to the 3' end of the pre-mRNA. This tail, which consists of approximately 200 adenine nucleotides, also helps to protect the pre-mRNA from degradation, assists in nuclear export, and aids in translation.
04

RNA splicing

The third and potentially the most crucial modification is RNA splicing. During splicing, introns, or non-coding sequences, are removed from the pre-mRNA, and exons, or coding sequences, are joined together. This process is conducted by a complex called the spliceosome and results in a mature mRNA molecule consisting only of exons that can be translated into protein sequences.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What is the complementarity rule that governs the synthesis of an RNA molecule during transcription? An RNA transcript has the following sequence: 5'-GGCAUGCAUUACGGCAUCACACUAGGGAUC-3' What is the sequence of the template and coding strands of the DNA that encodes this RNA? On which side (5' or \(3^{\prime}\) ) of the template strand is the promoter located?

What is the consensus sequence of the following six DNA sequences? GGCATTGACT GCCATTGTCA CGCATAGTCA GGAAATGGGA GGCTTTGTCA GGCATAGTCA

Describe the structure and function of a spliceosome. Speculate why the spliceosome subunits contain snRNA. In other words, what do you think is/are the functional role(s) of snRNA during splicing?

What is the subunit composition of bacterial RNA polymerase holoenzyme? What are the functional roles of the different subunits?

What is alternative splicing? What is its biological significance?
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