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Chapter 11: Problem 17

Draw a picture that illustrates how DNA helicase works.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The illustration will depict a segment of DNA being 'unzipped' by DNA helicase. The DNA before the helicase will be shown as a double helix, with the DNA after the helicase shown as two separate strands. This illustrates the process of DNA replication as helicase breaks the bonds between base pairs.

Step by step solution

01

Draw DNA Helix

Start by drawing a double helix which represents the DNA. Make sure to show the two strands of the helix and the rungs of the ladder that represent the base pairs bonded together.
02

Draw DNA Helicase and Broken Bonds

Indicate where the DNA helicase is attached on the DNA strand. Draw it unzipping the DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs. This can be represented by a fork-like separation at the point where DNA helicase is located.
03

Show Separated DNA Strands

After the point of the DNA helicase, draw the separated strands of the DNA that are 'unzipped'. This portrays the resulting replication fork with two single-stranded DNA ready to be replicated.
04

Highlight DNA Helicase

Finally, it may be helpful to highlight or label DNA helicase in the picture, to draw attention to it and ensure that its crucial role in the process is clear.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Single-strand binding proteins keep the two parental strands of DNA separated from each other until DNA polymerase has an opportunity to replicate the strands. Suggest how single-strand binding proteins keep the strands separated and yet do not impede the ability of DNA polymerase to replicate the strands.

Sometimes DNA polymerase makes a mistake, and the wrong nucleotide is added to the growing DNA strand. With regard to pyrimidines and purines, two general types of mistakes are possible. The addition of an incorrect pyrimidine instead of the correct pyrimidine (e.g., adding cytosine where thymine should be added) is called a transition. If a pyrimidine is incorrectly added to the growing strand instead of purine (e.g., adding cytosine where an adenine should be added), this type of mistake is called a transversion. If a transition or transversion is not detected by DNA polymerase, a mutation is created that permanently changes the DNA sequence. Though both types of mutations are rare, transition mutations are more frequent than transversion mutations. Based on your understanding of DNA replication and DNA polymerase, offer three explanations why transition mutations are more common.

Describe the three important functions of DnaA protein.

The compound known as nitrous acid is a reactive chemical that replaces amino groups \(\left(-\mathrm{NH}_{2}\right)\) with keto groups \((=\mathrm{O})\). When nitrous acid reacts with the bases in DNA, it can change cytosine to uracil and change adenine to hypoxanthine. A DNA double helix has the following sequence: TTGGATGCTGG AACCTACGACC A. What would be the sequence of this double helix immediately after reaction with nitrous acid? Let the letter \(\mathrm{H}\) represent hypoxanthine and \(U\) represent uracil. B. Let's suppose this DNA was treated with nitrous acid. The nitrous acid was then removed, and the DNA was replicated for two generations. What would be the sequences of the DNA products after the DNA had replicated twice? Your answer should contain the sequences of four double helices. Note: During DNA replication, uracil hydrogen bonds with adenine, and hypoxanthine hydrogen bonds with cytosine.

If a eukaryotic chromosome has 25 origins of replication, how many replication forks does it have at the beginning of DNA replication?
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