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Chapter 11: Problem 14

Single-strand binding proteins keep the two parental strands of DNA separated from each other until DNA polymerase has an opportunity to replicate the strands. Suggest how single-strand binding proteins keep the strands separated and yet do not impede the ability of DNA polymerase to replicate the strands.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Single-strand binding proteins (SSBs) bind to and stabilize the separated single-stranded DNA preventing them from re-annealing. As DNA polymerase moves along the DNA strand for replication, the SSBs are displaced ahead of the polymerase and re-bind to the single-strand DNA behind the polymerase. This mechanism ensures that SSBs keep the strands separated without impeding the function of DNA polymerase.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the roles of SSB and DNA polymerase

Single-strand binding proteins (SSBs) and DNA polymerase are crucial in the process of DNA replication. While SSBs bind to the single-stranded DNA and prevent the two parental strands from re-annealing before replication, DNA polymerase synthesizes the new DNA strand by adding nucleotides to the existing strand following the rules of base pairing.
02

Explaining the mechanism of SSBs

SSBs maintain the separation of DNA strands by attaching to the single-stranded sections of DNA created by the DNA unwinding process and stabilizing them. This stabilization prevents the DNA strands from curling back together before replication.
03

Elaborating on how DNA polymerase works and its interaction with SSBs

DNA polymerase synthesizes a new DNA strand from the template strand. It moves along the single-stranded DNA, attaching complementary nucleotides to form a new DNA strand. As it progresses, the SSBs ahead of the polymerase are displaced, and they re-bind to the exposed single-stranded DNA behind the polymerase, thus maintaining the strand separation and not interfering with the polymerase's functioning.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

If a eukaryotic chromosome has 25 origins of replication, how many replication forks does it have at the beginning of DNA replication?

In eukaryotes, what is meant by the term DNA replication licensing? How does the process occur?

List and briefly describe the three types of functionally important sequences within bacterial origins of replication.

Obtain two strings of different colors (e.g., black and white) that are the same length. A length of 20 inches is sufficient. Tie a knot at one end of the black string and another knot at one end of the white string. Each knot designates the \(5^{\prime}\) end of a string. Make a double helix with your two strings. Now tape one end of the double helix to a table so that the tape is covering the knot on the black string. A. Pretend your hand is DNA helicase and use your hand to unravel the double helix, beginning at the end that is not taped to the table. Should your hand be sliding along the white string or the black string? B. As shown in Figure 11.12, imagine that your two hands together form a dimeric DNA polymerase. Unravel your two strings halfway to create a replication fork. Grasp the black string with your left hand and the white string with your right hand. Your thumbs should point toward the \(5^{\prime}\) end of each string. You need to loop one of the strings so that one of the DNA polymerases can synthesize the lagging strand. With such a loop, dimeric DNA polymerase can move toward the replication fork and synthesize both DNA strands in the \(5^{\prime}\) to \(3^{\prime}\) direction. In other words, with such a loop, your two hands can touch each other with both of your thumbs pointing toward the fork. Should the black string be looped, or should the white string be looped?

Describe the three important functions of DnaA protein.
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