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Chapter 10: Problem 5

Coumarins and quinolones are two classes of drugs that inhibit bacterial growth by directly inhibiting DNA gyrase. Discuss two reasons why inhibiting DNA gyrase also inhibits bacterial growth.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Inhibiting DNA gyrase inhibits bacterial growth because it prevents the replication of bacterial DNA and triggers a cellular response that leads to bacterial death.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the Role of DNA Gyrase

DNA gyrase is an enzyme that introduces negative supercoiling into DNA. In bacterial cells, this is a crucial process that aids in the unwinding and replication of the DNA, effectively assisting in bacterial growth and multiplication.
02

The Impact of Coumarins and Quinolones

Coumarins and quinolones are anti-bacterial agents. They inhibit the function of the DNA gyrase, thereby blocking the supercoiling process. This inhibition affects the replication of the bacterial DNA.
03

The Result of DNA Gyrase Inhibition

The inhibition of DNA gyrase leads to a halt in DNA replication, disrupting the cell cycle of the bacteria. Without the ability to replicate its DNA, the bacteria cannot divide and multiply, thus inhibiting bacterial growth. Another aspect is that inhibited DNA gyrase triggers a cellular response that activates enzymes to degrade DNA, leading to bacterial death.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Beginning with the \(\mathrm{G}_{1}\) phase of the cell cycle, describe the level of compaction of the eukaryotic chromosome. How does the level of compaction change as the cell progresses through the cell cycle? Why is it necessary to further compact the chromatin during mitosis?

Take two pieces of string that are approximately 10 inches long, and create a double helix by wrapping them around each other to make 10 complete turns. Tape one end of the strings to a table, and now twist the strings three times \(\left(360^{\circ}\right.\) each time) in a righthanded direction. Note: As you are looking down at the strings from above, a right-handed twist is in the clockwise direction. A. Did the three turns create more or fewer turns in your double helix? How many turns does your double helix have after you twisted it? B. Is your double helix right-handed or left-handed? Explain your answer. C. Did the three turns create any supercoils? D. If you had coated your double helix with rubber cement and allowed the cement to dry before making the three additional right-handed turns, would the rubber cement make it more or less likely for the three turns to create supercoiling? Would a pair of cemented strings be more or less like a real DNA double helix than an uncemented pair of strings? Explain your answer.

Describe the mechanisms by which bacterial DNA becomes compacted.

In Part II of this text, we considered inheritance patterns for diploid eukaryotic species. Bacteria frequently contain two or more nucleoids. With regard to genes and alleles, how is a bacterium that contains two nucleoids similar to a diploid eukaryotic cell, and how is it different?

What is an SMC complex? Describe two examples.
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