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Chapter 27: Q6P (page 1030)

Some mitochondria use a second codon, in addition to AUG, to specify Met. Which codon(s) is (are) most likely to be used this way?

Short Answer

Expert verified

In humans, AUA and AUU can be alternately used as start codons along with the AUG start codon.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Concept

A codon is a group of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that codes for a particular amino acid or protein synthesis halt signal. Four nucleotides make up the language of DNA and RNA molecules, while twenty amino acids make up the language of protein molecules.

02

Find the codon(s) is (are) most likely to be used this way

Some mitochondria use a second or alternate codon, in addition to AUG, to specify Met or methionine amino acid. AUG is read as Met as a start codon in humans, but AUA and AUU can also alternate as Start codons. Start codons in prokaryotes can be GUG or UUG.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

How many different types of macromolecules must be minimally contained in a cell-free protein synthesizing system from E. coli? Count each type of ribosomal component as a different macromolecule.

EF-Tu binds all aminoacyl鈥搕RNAs with approximately equal a铿僴ity so that it can deliver them to the ribosome with the same e铿僣iency. Based on the experimentally determined binding constants for EF-Tu and correctly charged and mischarged aminoacyl鈥搕RNAs (see table), explain how the tRNA鈥揈F-Tu recognition system could prevent the incorporation of the wrong amino acid during translation.

础尘颈苍辞补肠测濒鈥搕搁狈础

Dissociation Constant (nM)

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List all possible codons present in a ribonucleotide polymer containing U and G in a random sequence. Which amino acids are encoded by this RNA?

List some posttranslational modifications of proteins.

A double stranded fragment of viral DNA, one of whose strands is shown below, encodes two peptides, called vir-1 and vir-2. Adding this double-stranded DNA fragment to an in vitro transcription and translation system yields peptides of 10 residues (vir-1) and 5 residues (vir-2).

AGATCGGATGCTCAACTATATATGTGATTAACAGAGCATGCG-GCATAAACT

(a). Identify the DNA sequence that encodes each peptide.

(b). Determine the amino acid sequence of each peptide.

(c). In a mutual viral strain, the T at position 23 has been replaced with G. Determine the amino acid sequences of the two peptides encoded by the mutant virus.
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