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Chapter 27: Q19CP (page 1024)

What is the advantage of polysomes?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Polysome arises because once an active ribosome has cleared the initiation site on mRNA, a second ribosome can initiate translation at that specific site.

Step by step solution

01

Polysomes

Polysomes are also termed polyribosomes that constitute a group of ribosomes connected to an mRNA-like molecule like beads on a thread. They are created during the elongation phase when ribosomes and elongation factors produce the encoded polypeptide.

02

The advantage of polysomes

In prokaryotes and eukaryotes, multiple ribosomes can connect to a single mRNA transcript, producing a beads-on-a-string structure termed polyribosome (polysome). Individual ribosomes are arranged in a helical fashion so that they possess a maximum density on the mRNA that is equal to 1ribosome per 80 nt. Polysome arises because once an active ribosome has cleared the initiation site on mRNA, a second ribosome can initiate translation at that specific site.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Mitochondrial ribosomes manufacture 13 proteins, all of which are components of the oxidative phosphorylation machinery. Propose an explanation why the peptide exit tunnel of the mitoribosome is lined with hydrophobic groups rather than hydrophilic groups, as in a cytoplasmic ribosome.

Why do frameshift mutations occur with the insertion or deletion of one or two, but not three, nucleotides?

Summarize the roles of initiation, elongation, and release factors in translation.

When a sequence of deoxynucleotides is entered into a translation program (such as the ExPASy Translate tool at http://web.expasy.org/ translate/), six possible polypeptide sequences are given as results. Explain.

How was it determined that peptides are synthesized from their N-terminus to their C-terminus?
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