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Chapter 27: Q19CP (page 1024)

What is the advantage of polysomes?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Polysome arises because once an active ribosome has cleared the initiation site on mRNA, a second ribosome can initiate translation at that specific site.

Step by step solution

01

Polysomes

Polysomes are also termed polyribosomes that constitute a group of ribosomes connected to an mRNA-like molecule like beads on a thread. They are created during the elongation phase when ribosomes and elongation factors produce the encoded polypeptide.

02

The advantage of polysomes

In prokaryotes and eukaryotes, multiple ribosomes can connect to a single mRNA transcript, producing a beads-on-a-string structure termed polyribosome (polysome). Individual ribosomes are arranged in a helical fashion so that they possess a maximum density on the mRNA that is equal to 1ribosome per 80 nt. Polysome arises because once an active ribosome has cleared the initiation site on mRNA, a second ribosome can initiate translation at that specific site.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Why don't cells need one tRNA for each codon?

Describe how the double-sieve mechanism of IleRS promotes accurate tRNA aminoacylation.

Genetically engineered mRNAs that code for a stretch of basic residues, such as poly(Lys), induce translation termination and destruction of the nascent polypeptide. Explain how this response would protect cells from the e铿�ect of faulty transcription that produces mRNAs with mutated Stop codons.

One cause of the neurodegenerative disease amyotropic, lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the expansion of the repeating hexanucleotide sequence GGGGCC in the noncoding region of a gene. By unknown mechanisms, the repeating sequence is translated to generate neurotoxic peptides. Predict the sequences of the possible repeating dipeptides.

Could a single nucleotide deletion restore the function of a protein-coding gene interrupted by the insertion of a 4-nt sequence? Explain.
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