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Chapter 10: Q25P (page 320)

Most animals have neurons that respond to unfavorable environmental conditions by sending pain signals to the brain. For example, elevated CO2 triggers an influx Na+ that opens voltage-gated Na channels to initiate an action potential. The naked mole-rat (Section8-2D), which lives in crowded underground colonies, has a voltage-gated Na+ channel that is inhibited by protons. Explain why this is advantageous.

Short Answer

Expert verified

This allows the animals to tolerate the highly crowded colonies.

Step by step solution

01

Introduction

Hyaluronate interferes with the signaling pathwaythat promotes malignant transformation.

02

Advantageous of sending pain signals to the brain

Many animals have neurons that respond to adverse environmental circumstances by transmitting a pain signalto the cell. This channel protein is responsible for transmitting electric impulses in pain-sensing neurons. The inflow of is triggered by the increased concentration of .

The positively charged carbonic acid is attracted to the hydrogen ion because of this characteristic. is then converted tocarbonic acid, which dissociates into bicarbonate and protons. The stimulus signalling is deactivated by these protons. Higher concentrations induce pain signals, which are blocked by the proton. This enables the creatures to live in densely populatedsubterranean colonies.

03

Step 3:Conclusion

As a result, the creatures are able to withstand the densely populatedsubterranean nests.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Use the terminology of allosteric proteins to discuss the operation of proteins that carry out uniport, symport, and antiport transport processes.

Cells in the wall of the mammalian stomach secrete HCI at a concentration of 0.15 M. The secreted protons, which are derived from the intracellular hydration of CO2by carbonic anhydrase, are pumped out by an (H+-K+)-ATPantiport. A co-transporter is also required to complete the overall transport process.

a) Calculate the pH of the secreted HCl. How does this compare to the cytosolic pH (7.4)?

b) Write the reaction catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase.

c) Draw a diagram to show how the action of both transport proteins results in the secretion of HCI.

In addition to neurons, muscle cells undergo depolarization, although smaller and slower than in the neuron, as a result of the activity of the acetylcholine receptor.

(a) The acetylcholine receptor is also a gated ion channel. What triggers the gate to open?
(b) The acetylcholine receptor/ion channel is specific for Na+ions. Would ions flow in or out? Why?

(c) How would the Na+flow through the ion channel change the membrane potential?

The smallest 尾barrel protein contains only eight 尾 strands. Explain why porins, which are also barrels, usually contain at least 16 or 18 strands.

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