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Cellular respiration is the mechanism by which metabolic processes receive energy in the form of ATP from nutrients. Glycolysis is the initial phase in cellular respiration, and it happens to glucose. Glycolysis is an anaerobic (oxygen-free) process. It occurs within the cytoplasm. Pyruvate is the ultimate result of glycolysis, and its destiny is determined by the availability of oxygen.

There are 10 stages in the glycolysis process. There are two phases to these 10 steps. The preparing phase is comprised of the first five steps, while the pay-off phase is comprised of the last five phases. ATP is spent in the preparation phase and created in the pay-off phase.

In glycolysis, two NADH2 and two ATP are produced, totaling eight ATP. Because it connects with fat and amino acid anabolism, glycolysis is also known as oxidative anabolism or catabolic resynthesis. Glycerol, lateral forms fats, and lipids are all synthesised via an intermediate PGAL. Serine, glycine, and cystine are all synthesised via PGAL. From pyruvate, alanine is formed.

Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration use glycolysis as a common step. In the cytoplasm, glycolysis is made up of eleven metabolic processes. Neither oxygen nor carbon dioxide is consumed or released during glycolysis. Glycolysis creates 2 mol of pyruvic acid for every gram of glucose consumed (3C).