91影视

Ethanol in the body is oxidized to acetaldehyde (CH鈧僀HO) by liveralcohol dehydrogenase (LADH). Other alcohols are also oxidized byLADH. For example, methanol CH鈧僌H), which is mildly intoxicating, isoxidized by LADH to the quite toxic product formaldehyde (CH鈧侽). Thetoxic effects of ingesting methanol (a component of many commercialsolvents) can be reduced by administering ethanol. The ethanol acts as acompetitive inhibitor of the methanol by displacing it from LADH. Thisprovides sufficient time for the methanol to be harmlessly excreted bythe kidneys. If an individual has ingested 100 mL of methanol (a lethaldose), how much 100 proof whiskey (50% ethanol by volume) must beimbibe to reduce the activity of his LADH toward methanol to 5% of itsoriginal value? The adult human body contains -40 L of aqueous fluidsthroughout which ingested alcohols are rapidly and uniformly mixed.The densities of ethanol and methanol are both 0.79 g .cm^-3. Assumethe K_M values of LADH for ethanol and methanol to be 1.0 X 10鈦宦矼and 1.0 X 10鈦宦睲, respectively, and that K_I = K_M for ethanol.

Step by step solution

01

Enzyme inhibitors

Enzyme inhibitorsstop enzymes from working. No other substrate can attach to the active site since the irreversible inhibitor binds to it irreversibly. The rate equation for asingle-substrate enzyme-catalyzed reaction is known as the Michaelis鈥揗enten equation.

02

Reducing the activity

Concentration of aqueous liquid in the adult human body ~40L.

Density of ethanol and methanol=0.79g cm鈦宦�

Then,

Volume of ethanol to be imbibed = 2脳319mL

=638mL

To reduce the action of liver alcohol dehydrogenase, a person who has consumed 100mL ethanol must drink 638mLof 100 proof whiskey.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

• Full Textbook Solutions

  Get detailed explanations and key concepts

• Unlimited Al creation

  Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

• Ads-free access

  To over 500 millions flashcards

• Money-back guarantee

  We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!