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. Some institutions will not infuse a fat emulsion, such as Intralipid, into central venous access devices (CVAD) because: 1\. lipid residue may accumulate in the CVAD and occlude the catheter. 2\. if the catheter clogs, there is no treatment other than removal and replacement. 3\. lipids are necessary only in the most extreme cases to prevent essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency. 4\. fat emulsions are very caustic.

A patient needs a percutaneously inserted central catheter (PICC) for prolonged IV therapy. He knows it can be inserted without going to the operating room. He mentions that, 鈥渁t least the doctor won鈥檛 be wearing surgical garb, will he?鈥� How will the nurse answer the patient? 1\. 鈥淵ou are correct. It is a minor procedure performed on the unit and does not necessitate surgical attire.鈥� 2\. 鈥淭o decrease the risk of infection, the doctor inserting the PICC will wear a cap, mask, and sterile gown and gloves.鈥� 3\. 鈥淚t depends on the doctor鈥檚 preference.鈥� 4\. 鈥淢ost doctors only wear sterile gloves, not a cap, mask, or sterile gown.鈥�

A patient is to receive a percutaneously inserted central catheter (PICC). He asks the nurse whether the insertion will hurt. How will the nurse reply? 1\. 鈥淵ou will have general anesthesia so you won鈥檛 feel anything.鈥� 2\. 鈥淚t will be inserted rapidly, and any discomfort is fleeting.鈥� 3\. 鈥淭he insertion site will be anesthetized. Threading the catheter through the vein is not painful.鈥� 4\. 鈥淵ou will receive sedation prior to the procedure.鈥�

What volume of air can safely be infused into a patient with a central venous access device (CVAD)? 1\. It is dependent on the patient鈥檚 weight and height. 2\. Air entering the patient through a CVAD will follow circulation to the lungs where it will be absorbed and cause no problems. 3\. It is dependent on comorbidities such as asthma or chronic obstructive lung disease. 4\. None.

What is the purpose of 鈥渢unneling鈥� (inserting the catheter 2鈥�4 inches under the skin) when the surgeon inserts a Hickman central catheter device? Tunneling: 1\. increases the patient鈥檚 comfort level. 2\. decreases the risk of infection. 3\. prevents the patient鈥檚 clothes from having contact with the catheter. 4\. makes the catheter less visible to other people.

The primary complication of a central venous access device (CVAD) is: 1\. thrombus formation in the vein. 2\. pain and discomfort. 3\. infection. 4\. occlusion of the catheter as the result of an intra-lumen clot.

The nurse is doing some patient education related to a patient鈥檚 central venous access device. Which of the following statements will the nurse make to the patient? 1\. 鈥淭hese type of devices are essentially risk free.鈥� 2\. 鈥淭hese devices seldom work for more than a week or two necessitating replacement.鈥� 3\. 鈥淭he dressing should only the changed by your doctor.鈥� 4\. 鈥淗eparin in instilled into the lumen of the catheter to decrease the risk of clotting.鈥�

The chemotherapeutic DNA alkylating agents such as nitrogen mustards are effective because they: 1\. cross-link DNA strands with covalent bonds between alkyl groups on the drug and guanine bases on DNA. 2\. have few, if any, side effects. 3\. are used to treat multiple types of cancer. 4\. are cell cycle-specific agents.

Hormonal agents are used to treat some cancers. An example would be: 1\. thyroxine to treat thyroid cancer. 2\. ACTH to treat adrenal carcinoma. 3\. estrogen antagonists to treat breast cancer. 4\. glucagon to treat pancreatic carcinoma.

Chemotherapeutic agents often produce a certain degree of myelosuppression including leukopenia. Leukopenia does not present immediately but is delayed several days to weeks because: 1\. the patient鈥檚 hemoglobin and hematocrit are normal. 2\. red blood cells are affected first. 3\. folic acid levels are normal. 4\. the current white cell count is not affected by chemotherapy