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Chapter 16: 16-7TYU (page 334)

A biochemist isolates, purifies, and combines in a test tube a variety of molecules needed for DNA replication. When she adds some DNA to the mixture, replication occurs, but each DNA molecule consists of a normal strand paired with numerous segments of DNA a few hundred nucleotides long. What has she probably left out of the mixture?

  1. DNA polymerase
  2. DNA ligase
  3. Okazaki fragments
  4. primase

Short Answer

Expert verified
  1. The option 鈥淒NA polymerase鈥� is false.
  2. The option 鈥淒NA ligase鈥� is true.
  3. The option 鈥淥kazaki fragments鈥� is false.
  4. The option 鈥減rimase鈥� is false.

Step by step solution

01

DNA replication

DNA replication is a process that involves the separation of the two DNA strands. After the separation process, the new strands are produced by using the existing strand as the template. DNA replication is an essential process in the cell division process.

02

Explanation of option (A)

DNA polymerase can produce the new strand from the older strand that elongates the DNA strand. There is another enzyme that participates in the DNA replication process.

In the given experiment, the mixture was added to the test solution from which the replication proceeded. It confirms the presence of the DNA polymerase enzyme. Without this enzyme, replication will not take place.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

03

Explanation of option (B) 

DNA ligase is the enzyme that joins the fragment of DNA that is replicated from the lagging strand. It can join the bases to fill the gap in the DNA.

In this experiment, the mixture added to the test solution containing DNA bases does not possess the DNA ligase enzyme. So, the DNA is segmented in this case.

Therefore, the given statement is true.

04

Explanation of option (C)

Okazaki fragments are the short sequences of DNA created in discontinuous fashion later united to form a continuous strand. DNA ligase enzyme plays a role in joining the discontinuous fragment.

Thus, the segmented portions of DNA found in the mixture are the Okazaki fragments which are not joined due to the absence of the DNA ligase.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

05

Explanation of option (D)

The enzyme that produces the short RNA sequence is known as primase. The short RNA segments are the primers. Primers act as the initiation site of the DNA replication that attaches complementary to ssDNA, and finally, it is removed.

In the given experiment, since the replication process has started, no lack of primase is seen.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Some bacteria may be able to respond to environmental stress by increasing the rate at which mutations occur during cell division. How might this be accomplished? Might there be an evolutionary advantage to this ability? Explain.

What role does complementary base pairing play in the replication of DNA?

Griffith was trying to develop a vaccine for S. pneumonia when he was surprised to discover the phenomenon of bacterial transformation. Look at the second and third panel of Figure 16.2. Based on these results, what result was he expecting in the fourth panel? Explain.

The spontaneous loss of amino groups from adenine in DNA results in hypoxanthine, an uncommon base, opposite thymine. What combination of proteins could repair such damage?

  1. nuclease, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase
  2. telomerase, primase, DNA polymerase
  3. telomerase, helicase, single-stranded binding protein
  4. DNA ligase, replication fork proteins, adenylyl cyclase

E.coli grown on a 15N medium is transferred to a 14N medium and allowed to grow for two more generations (two rounds of DNA replication). DNA extracted from these cells is centrifuged. What density distribution of DNA would you expect in this experiment?

  1. one high-density and one low-density band
  2. one intermediate density band
  3. one high density and one intermediate-density band
  4. one low-density and one intermediate-density band
See all solutions

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