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Chapter 16: 16-2YTU (page 333)

What is the basis for the difference in how the leading and lagging strands of DNA molecules are synthesized?

  1. Origins of replication occur only at the 5鈥� end.
  2. Helicases and single-strand bindingproteins work at the 5鈥檈nd.
  3. DNA polymerase can join new nucleotides only to the 3鈥檈nd of a pre-existing strand, and the strands are antiparallel.
  4. DNA ligase works only in the 3鈥�5鈥� direction.

Short Answer

Expert verified
  1. The statement 鈥淥rigins of replication occur only at the 5鈥� end鈥� is false.
  2. The statement 鈥淗elicases and single-strand bindingproteins work at the 5鈥檈nd鈥� is false.
  3. The statement 鈥淒NA polymerase can join new nucleotides only to the 3鈥檈nd of a pre-existing strand, and the strands are antiparallel鈥� is true.
  4. The statement 鈥淒NA ligase works only in the 3鈥�5鈥� direction鈥� is false.

Step by step solution

01

DNA

The genetic material DNA is present in the nucleus of the cell. It is made of nucleic acid bases such as adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine. It undergoes the process of replication to get inherited in the new cells.

02

Explanation of option (A)

Origin of replication is the ORI site from which the replication process. The DNA molecules possess multi ORI sites to initiate the replication mechanism along the length of the DNA.

The origin of replication is distributed at multiple locations of the DNA.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

03

Explanation of option (B)

Helicase is the enzyme that separates the strands of the DNA. It works on the DNA by breaking the hydrogen bond present in the DNA. The single-stranded binding protein binds to the separated strands of the DNA and prevents it from recoiling.

Helicase and single-stranded binding proteins are not specific towards the 5鈥� ends of the DNA.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

04

Explanation of option (C)

DNA polymerase is the enzyme that adds nucleotide to the newly synthesized strand keeping the older strand as the template. It adds the nucleotides bases in the three prime ends. It also synthesizes the antiparallel strands.

DNA polymerase is the critical enzyme that works on the leading and lagging strand during replication.

Therefore, the given statement is true.

05

Explanation of option (D)

DNA ligase binds the bases in the DNA strand by joining the phosphodiester bonds. It starts from the 5鈥� to 3鈥� direction.

DNA ligase does not work in the direction of 3鈥� to 5鈥� direction.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Identify two major functions of DNA pol III in DNA replication.

In his work with pneumonia-causing bacteria and mice, Griffith found that

  1. the protein coat from pathogenic cells was able to transform non-pathogenic cells.
  2. heat-killed pathogenic cells caused pneumonia.
  3. some substances from pathogenic cells were transferred to non-pathogenic cells, making them pathogenic.
  4. the polysaccharide coat of bacteria caused pneumonia.

Given a polynucleotide sequence such as GAATTC. Explain what further information you would need in order to identify which is the 5鈥� end. (See Figure 16.5)

Griffith was trying to develop a vaccine for S. pneumonia when he was surprised to discover the phenomenon of bacterial transformation. Look at the second and third panel of Figure 16.2. Based on these results, what result was he expecting in the fourth panel? Explain.

Some bacteria may be able to respond to environmental stress by increasing the rate at which mutations occur during cell division. How might this be accomplished? Might there be an evolutionary advantage to this ability? Explain.
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