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Chapter 25: Q25-6TYU (page 549)

A genetic change that caused a certain Hox gene to be expressed along the tip of a vertebrate limb bud instead of farther back helped make possible the evolution of the tetrapod limb. This type of change is illustrative of

(A) the influence of environment on development.

(B) paedomorphosis.

(C) a change in a developmental gene or in its regulation that altered the spatial organization of body parts.

(D) heterochrony

Short Answer

Expert verified

(A) The option 鈥渢he influence of environment on development鈥� isfalse.

(B) The option 鈥減aedomorphosis鈥� isfalse.

(C) The option 鈥渁 change in a developmental gene or in its regulation that altered the spatial organization of body parts鈥� istrue.

(D) The option 鈥渉eterochrony鈥� is false.

Step by step solution

01

Hox genes

The Hox genes are a set of DNA sequence appearing in the eukaryotic genome that are primarily responsible for the laying out body plans of animals. These Hox genes contain DNA sequences called the homeobox. The hox genes determine segmentation and appendages.

02

Explanation of option ‘(A)’

The hox genes are the sequence that affects organisms on the genetic level. The change in the limb bud that allowed tetrapod evolution did not occur due to the environmental changes.

Thus, the tetrapod evolution did not occur due to the influence environment on development.

Therefore, the given option is false.

03

Explanation of option ‘(B)’

The term paedomorphosis refers to the retention of features that occur in earlier stages of life in later or adult stages. The evolution of tetrapod is not an event related to paedomorphosis.

Thus, the tetrapod evolution did not occur due to paedomorphosis.

Therefore, the given option is false.

04

Explanation of option ‘(C)’

The changes in body arrangement appeared due to the alteration in the spatial arrangement in the hox genes. These changes altered the regulation and expression of hox genes, and hence, the tetrapod evolved.

Thus, the tetrapods evolved due to the changes in the regulation of hox genes.

Therefore, the given option is true.

05

Explanation of option ‘(D)’

Heterochrony is the change in the rate of development. The changes that caused genetic alterations in the hox genes are not a result of changes in the rate or time of development.

Thus, the changes in the hox genes did not occur due to heterochrony.

Therefore, the given option is false.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

You can estimate quantitative data (fairly precisely) from a graph. The first step is to obtain a conversion factor by measuring along an axis that has a scale. In this case, 25 million years (my; from 60 to 35 million years ago (mya) on the x-axis) is represented by a distance of 7.0 cm. This yields a conversion factor (a ratio) of 25 my/7.0 cm = 3.6 my/cm. To estimate the time period represented by a horizontal bar on this graph, measure the length of that bar in centimeters and multiply that measurement by the conversion factor, 3.6 my/cm. For example, a bar that measures 1.1 cm on the graph represents a persistence time of 1.1 cm * 3.6 my/cm = 4 million years.

Describe how gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection all can influence macroevolution.

The oxygen revolution changed Earth's environment dramatically. Which of the following took advantage of the presence of free oxygen in the oceans and atmosphere?

(A) the evolution of cellular respiration, which used oxygen to help harvest energy from organic molecules

(B) the persistence of some animal groups in anaerobic habitats

(C) the evolution of photosynthetic pigments that protected early algae from the corrosive effects of oxygen

(D) the evolution of chloroplasts after early protists incorporated photosynthetic cyanobacteria

Which factor most likely caused animals and plants in India to differ greatly from species in nearby southeast Asia?

(A) The species became separated by convergent evolution.

(B) The climates of the two regions are similar.

(C) India is in the process of separating from the rest of Asia.

(D) India was a separate continent until 45 million years ago.

Given that changes in morphology are often caused by changes in the regulation of gene expression, predict whether noncoding DNA is likely to be affected by natural selection. See Concept 18.3 to review noncoding DNA and regulation of gene expression.
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