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Chapter 2: Q6TYU (page 28)

We can represent atoms by listing the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons-;for example, 2p+, 2n0, 2e-for helium. Which of the following represents the 18O isotope of oxygen?

(A) 7p+,2n0, 9e-

(B) 8p+,10n0, 8e-

(C) 9p+,9n0, 9e-

(D) 10p+,8n0, 9e-

Short Answer

Expert verified

(A) The statement 鈥�7p+, 2n0, 9e-鈥� is false.

(B) The statement 鈥�8p+, 10n0, 8e-鈥� is true.

(C) The statement 鈥�9p+, 9n0, 9e-鈥� is false.

(D) The statement 鈥�10p+, 8n0, 9e-鈥� is false.

Step by step solution

01

Explanation of option ‘(A)’

Isotopes are the elements that differ in mass number due to the variation in the neutron number. These elements possess the same chemical properties.

The combination of protons, neutrons, and electrons is not relatable to the given oxygen isotope. The number of protons is given as seven, which does not match with the oxygen molecule.

Thus, 鈥�7p+, 2n0, 9e-鈥� is not the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons present in the oxygen isotope.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

02

Explanation of option ‘(B)’

The number of protons is given aseight, along with the number of neutrons given as ten,which results in 18. This count of 18 coincides with themass number of oxygen isotopes given in the question. The number of electrons is eight,which is equal to several protons.

Thus, 鈥�8p+, 10n0, 8e-鈥� is the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons present in the oxygen isotope.

Therefore, the given statement is true.

03

Explanation of option ‘(C)’

The number of protons given is nine, and the number of neutrons is nine.

The sum of these protons and neutrons result in a mass number of 18. This

mass corresponds to an element like arsenic.

Thus, 鈥�9p+ 9n0, 9e+鈥� is notthe number of protons, neutrons, and electrons present in the oxygen isotope.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

04

Explanation of option ‘(D)’

The number of protons is ten, and the numbers of electrons are eight. The number of electrons is not equal to the number of protons.

Thus, 鈥�10p+,8n0, 9e-鈥� is not the correct listing of several protons,

neutrons and electrons.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The reactivity of an atom arises from

(A) the average distance of the outermost electron shell from the nucleus.

(B) the existence of unpaired electrons in the valence shell.

(C) the sum of the potential energies of all the electron shells.

(D) the potential energy of the valence shell.

In humans, iron is a trace element required for the proper functioning of hemoglobin, the molecule that carries oxygen in red blood cells. What might be the effects of an iron deficiency?

Draw Lewis dot structures for each hypothetical molecule shown below, using the correct number of valence electrons for each atom. Determine which molecules make sense because each atom has a complete valence shell, and each bond has the correct number of electrons. Explain what makes the other molecule nonsensical, considering the number of bonds each type of atom can make.

A standard curve of radioactive isotope decay is shown at the top of the right column. The graph line shows the fraction of the radioactive isotope over time (before present) in units of half lives. Recall that a half-life is the amount of time it takes for half of the radioactive isotope to decay. Labeling each data point with the corresponding fractions will help orient you to this graph. Draw an arrow to the data point for half-life = 1 and write the fraction of 14C that will remain after one half life. Calculate the fraction of 14C remaining at each half-life and write the fractions on the graph near arrows pointing to the data points. Convert each fraction to a decimal number and round off to a maximum of three significant digits (zero at the beginning of the number do not count as significant digits). Also write each decimal number in scientific notation.

In the term trace element, the adjective trace means that

(A) the element is required in very small amounts.

(B) the element can be used as a label to trace atoms through an organism鈥檚 metabolism.

(C) the element is very rare on Earth.

(D) the element enhances health but is not essential for the organism鈥檚 long-term survival.
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