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Mycorrhizae enhance plant nutrition mainly by

(A) absorbing water and minerals through the fungal hyphae.

(B) providing sugar to root cells, which have no chloroplasts.

(C) converting atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia.

(D) enabling the roots to parasitize neighboring plants.

Short Answer

Expert verified
  1. The option 鈥渁bsorbing water and minerals through the fungal hyphae鈥 is true.

  2. The option 鈥減roviding sugar to root cells, which have no chloroplasts鈥 isfalse.

  3. The option 鈥渃onverting atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia鈥 is false.

  4. The option 鈥渆nabling the roots to parasitize neighboring plants鈥 is false.

Step by step solution

01

Interaction of organisms

The organisms are interdependent. They interact with one another for various purposes, and such a relationship is called symbiosis. Plants show symbiosis with algae, bacteria, fungi, and many other organisms.

02

Explanation of option (A) 

Mycorrhizae is one of the symbiotic associations of plants and fungi. Mycorrhizae can develop in two forms ectomycorrhiza and endomycorrhiza.

In Ectomycorrhiza form, the fungus produces hyphae around the root, and in endomycorrhiza form, hyphae are formed inside the root cells. Hyphae increase the surface area of absorption and allow the maximum intake of water and nutrients from the root.

Therefore, hyphae of fungus play a major role in the mutualism of fungi and plants to provide nutrients.

Thus, the given option is true.

03

Explanation of option (B) 

Roots do not have chloroplasts. Roots receive sugars from the vascular tissue, such as phloem.

Therefore, roots do not receive sugars from mycorrhizae.

Thus, the given option is false.

04

Explanation of option (C)

The atmospheric nitrogen is converted into ammonia by soil bacteria. The soil bacteria such as Azotobacter show mutualism with legumes and provide nitrogen to the plants.

Therefore, mycorrhizae do not convert nitrogen as ammonia.

Thus, the given option is false.

05

Explanation of option (D)

The plants that parasitize the neighboring plants are known as parasitic plants. The root-like structure is called haustoria. This tube-like structure absorbs the water and nutrients from the host plant.

Therefore, mycorrhiza does not parasitize the neighboring plants. It lives on the roots of the host plant.

Thus, the given option is false.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Some of the problems associated with intensive irrigation include all of the following except

(A) soil salinization.

(B) overfertilization.

(C) land subsidence.

(D) aquifer depletion

Draw a simple sketch of cation exchange, showing a root hair, a soil particle with anions, and a hydrogen ion displacing a mineral cation.

Are some essential elements more important than others? Explain.

The specific relationship between a legume and its mutualistic Rhizobium strain probably depends on

(A) each legume having a chemical dialogue with a fungus.

(B) each Rhizobium strain having a form of nitrogenase that works only in the appropriate legume host.

(C) each legume being found where the soil has only the Rhizobium specific to that legume.

(D) specific recognition between chemical signals and signal receptors of the Rhizobium strain and legume species.

Two groups of tomatoes were grown under laboratory conditions, one with humus added to the soil and one a control without humus. The leaves of the plants grown without humus were yellowish (less green) compared with those of the plants grown in humus-enriched soil. The best explanation is that

(A) the healthy plants used the food in the decomposing leaves of the humus for energy to make chlorophyll.

(B) the humus made the soil more loosely packed, so water penetrated more easily to the roots.

(C) the humus contained minerals such as magnesium and iron needed for the synthesis of chlorophyll.

(D) the heat released by the decomposing leaves of the humus caused more rapid growth and chlorophyll synthesis.

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