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Chapter 56: Q6TYU (page 1258)

Question: When electrons flow along the electron transport chain of mitochondria, which of the following changes occurs?

  1. The pH of the matrix increases.
  2. ATP synthase pumps protons by active transport.
  3. The electrons gain free energy.
  4. NAD+ is oxidized

Short Answer

Expert verified
  1. The option 鈥淭he pH of the matrix increases鈥� is true.
  2. The option 鈥淎TP synthase pumps protons by active transport鈥� is false.
  3. The option 鈥淭he electrons gain free energy鈥� is false.
  4. The option 鈥淣AD+ is oxidized鈥� is false.

Step by step solution

01

Reactions of mitochondria

Mitochondria are the organelles in which significant metabolic reactions such as the electron transport chain occurs. The primary energy molecules, such as ATP, are created in the mitochondria.

02

Explanation of option ‘(A)’

The pH of the mitochondrial matrix increases due to the influx of hydrogen ions into the matrix. It happens with the help of the ATP synthase. This process is known as the chemiosmosis process.

Thus, a change in pH occurs due to the electron transport chain occurring with the ATP synthesis.

Therefore, the given statement is true.

03

Explanation of option ‘(B)’

Hydrogen ions have to transport to the intermembrane space. These hydrogen ions pump back into the matrix to carry out ATP synthesis via the proton pump.

Thus, electron transport moves the hydrogen, and it does not activate the proton pump directly.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

04

Explanation of option ‘(C)’

The electron generated from the electron transport chain will possess the energy to move the hydrogen ions.

Thus, the fate of the electron is to move the hydrogen ions in the oxidative phosphorylation mechanism.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

05

Explanation of option ‘(D)’

NAD+ oxidation does not occur during the release of the electron from the electron transport chain. NAD+ is a determining factor in the glycolysis process.

Thus,NAD+ oxidation is not the process that involves the electron from the electron transport chain.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The variation found in a set can be estimated by the standard deviation, s:

\({s_x}\, = \sqrt {\frac{1}{{n - 1}}} \sum {({x_i}} - \,\overline x {)^2}\)

Calculate the standard deviation for each treatment.

Treatment

Dose (mg/kg)

Log of number of colonies

Mean (\(\overline x \,\))

\({x_i}\, - \,\overline x \)

Control

-

9.0,9.5,9.0,8.9

9.1

(-0.1), 0.4, (-0.1), (-0.2)

Vancomycin

1.0

8.5,8.4,8.2

8.36

0.14, 0.04, (-0.16)

5.0

5.3,5.9,4.7

5.3

0, 0.6, (-0.6)

Teixobactin

1.0

8.5,6.0,8.4,6.0

7.22

1.28, (-1.22), 1.18, (-1,22)

5.0

3.8,4.9,5.2,4.9

4.7

(-0.9), 0.2,0.5, 0.2

Combining the data from both graphs, estimate the number of mice caught in moonlight versus no-moonlight conditions. Which condition is optimal for predation by the owl? Explain.

Question: Step 3 in Figure 9.9 is a significant point of regulation of glycolysis. ATP and related molecules allosterically regulate the enzyme phosphofructokinase (see Concept 8.5). Considering the overall result of glycolysis, would you expect ATP to inhibit or stimulate the activity of this enzyme? Explain. (Hint: Make sure you consider the role of ATP as an allosteric regulator, not as a substrate of the enzyme.)

The graph of a function \(y = f\left( x \right)\) is shown. At which point(s) are the following true?

(a) \(\frac{{dy}}{{dx}}\) and \(\frac{{{d^2}y}}{{d{x^2}}}\) are both positive.

(b) \(\frac{{dy}}{{dx}}\) and \(\frac{{{d^2}y}}{{d{x^2}}}\) are both negative.

(c) \(\frac{{dy}}{{dx}}\) is negative but \(\frac{{{d^2}y}}{{d{x^2}}}\) is positive.

Use your results from question 1 to evaluate the effectiveness of vancomycin and teixobactin.

Treatment

Dose (mg/kg)

Log of number of colonies

Mean ( )

Control

-

9.0,9.5,9.0,8.9

9.1

Vancomycin

1.0

8.5,8.4,8.2

8.36

5.0

5.3,5.9,4.7

5.3

Teixobactin

1.0

8.5,6.0,8.4,6.0

7.22

5.0

3.8,4.9,5.2,4.9

4.7
See all solutions

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