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The enzyme ATP synthase mediates the synthesis of ATP. The hydrogen is pumped out of the cells during the oxidative phosphorylation stage. The hydrogen ions are returned to the matrix again that phosphorylates the ADP with phosphate molecules, resulting in ATP formation.

ATP is a simple molecule that fulfills the energy demand of the body. These molecules are produced in the different stages of metabolic processes such as glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, and electron transport chain. The phosphorylation of ADP results in the formation of ATP.

The rotor is the rotating end that is found in attachment with the membrane.In this rotor, hydrogen ions get attached to the binding sites. It makes the rotor spin.

The stator is the channel-like structure anchored in the membrane through which the hydrogen ions reach the rotor. The extension of the rod present in the rotor leads to the formation known as a catalytic knob. The internal rod is the connectivity between the rotor and catalytic knob.