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Chapter 54: Q54.4-3CC (page 1232)

Based on MacArthur and Wilson's Island equilibrium model, how would you expect the richness of birds on islands to compare with the richness of snakes and lizards? Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The species of snakes and lizards do not show richness in islands because they cannot migrate to a greater distance. The species diversity of birds in islands is more due to their mobility. Birds often migrate to different islands and which leads to speciation and diversified species in islands.

Step by step solution

01

MacArthur and Wilson's Island equilibrium model

The theory of the island equilibrium model was proposed by scientists Robert Macarthur and E.O. Wilson. This model tries to explain island biodiversity. The island equilibrium model states that the island's diversity depends on the immigration and extinction rates of the organisms.

02

Migration of birds

The birds migrate more often to other regions in search of food or for breeding. The birds also show seasonal migration to sustain temperature. The migration of birds is classified into several types. Based on the distance, it is distinguished as short distance, medium distance, and long-distance migration.

03

Richness of birds in islands than reptiles

Migration of reptiles only occurs during breeding which is chiefly to egg-laying sites. They do not migrate long distances, especially to islands from the mainland.However, birds immigrate to islands from the mainland, leading to gene flow and more bird species richness in islands.

Therefore, when the richness of reptiles is compared with birds according to MacArthur and Wilson's Island equilibrium model, birds show more species diversity than the reptiles due to mobility.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Predators that are keystone species can maintain species diversity in a community if they

(A) competitively exclude other predators.

(B) prey on the community鈥檚 dominant species.

(C) reduce the number of disruptions in the community.

(D) prey only on the least abundant species in the community.

Food chains are sometimes short because

(A) only a single species of herbivore feeds on each plant species.

(B) local extinction of a species causes the extinction of the other species in its food chain.

(C) most of the energy in a trophic level is lost as energy passes to the next higher level.

(D) most producers are inedible.

Figure 24.14 illustrates how a hybrid zone can change over time. Imagine that two finch species colonize a new island and are capable of hybridizing (mating and producing viable offspring). The island contains two plant species, one with large seeds and one with small seeds, growing in isolated habitats. If the two finch species specialize in eating different plant species, would reproductive barriers be reinforced, weakened, or unchanged in this hybrid zone? Explain.

The feeding relationships among the species in a community determine the community's

(A) secondary succession.

(B) ecological niche.

(C) species richness.

(D) trophic structure.

Which of the following could qualify as a top-down control on a grassland community?

(A) limitation of plant biomass by rainfall amount.

(B) influence of temperature on competition among plants.

(C) influence of soil nutrients on the abundance of grasses versus wildflowers.

(D) effect of grazing intensity by bison on plant species diversity.
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