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The relative abundance of species present in any ecosystem is called species diversity. In other words, the different number of species inhabiting the biological organization is known as species diversity.

The biological diversity of an ecosystem is measured through a variety of species found in an ecological community.

The latitudinal gradients and geographical area that species occupy also influence their diversity. Species richness is found in tropical regions.

The temperate areas or polar regions do not show much divergence of species than the tropical regions. Ecologists have investigated for more than centuries to determine the factors that influence diversity.

Factors such as climate and evolutionary history of species enable the species to show more diversity in the tropical regions.The climate, in a sense, receiving sufficient sunlight, moderate temperature, and availability of water induces species richness.

The tropical regions are older than the temperate regions. The communities are older because evolution had started in these regions and later distributed all over the world. Therefore, there was enough time for speciation to occur.