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Chapter 27: Q27.1-3CC (page 576)

Suggest a hypothesis to explain why the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts resemble those of cyanobacteria. Refer to Figures 6.18 and 26.21.

Figure 26.21

Figure 6.18

Short Answer

Expert verified

It can be hypothesized that the resemblance of chloroplast鈥檚 thylakoid membrane with that of cyanobacteria is due to the endosymbiotic evolution of chloroplast from cyanobacteria.

Step by step solution

01

Evolution

Evolution is the phenomenon that describes the manner in which organisms diversify into various groups from a common ancestral organism (first life form). It explains the connections between different biological groups based on their ancestral origin.

02

Chloroplasts

Chloroplast is one of the plastids found in the cell of eukaryotes, and it is the main organelle responsible for the occurrence of photosynthesis. It has a characteristic green color due to the chlorophyll pigment.

This organelle contains disk-shaped thylakoids, which serve as the site for photosynthetic reactions.

03

Thylakoid resemblance between chloroplast and cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria is a prokaryotic organism and has the potential to prepare food via photosynthesis; these organisms have thylakoid, which regulates photosynthesis. The thylakoid membrane present within the chloroplast resembles the thylakoid structures in cyanobacteria.

This is because, according to the phylogenetic tree present in figure 26.21, the plastids and prokaryotic cyanobacteria are closely related, and chloroplasts evolved through endosymbiotic prokaryote with a photosynthetic ability such as cyanobacteria.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The mean (\(\overline x \,\)) of a variable is the sum of the data values divided by the number of observations (n):

\(\overline x \, = \,\frac{{\sum {{x_i}} }}{n}\)

In this formula,\({x_i}\)is the value of the ith observation of the variable; the\(\sum {} \)symbol indicates that the nvalues of xare to be added together. Calculate the mean for each treatment.

The standard error (SE), which indicates how greatly the mean would likely vary if the experiment was repeated, is calculated as:\({\rm{SE}} = \,\frac{s}{{\sqrt n }}\).

As a rough rule of thumb, if an experiment were to be repeated, the new mean typically would lie within two standard errors of the original mean (that is, within the range of\(\overline x \, \pm \,2{\rm{SE}}\)). Calculate\(\overline x \, \pm \,2{\rm{SE}}\)for each treatment, determine whether these ranges overlap, and interpret your results.

Treatment

Dose (mg/kg)

Log of number

of colonies

Mean (\(\overline x \,\))

\({x_i}\, - \,\overline x \)

Standard deviation (s)

SE

Control

-

9.0,9.5,9.0,8.9

9.1

(-0.1), 0.4, (-0.1), (-0.2)

0.270

0.135

Vancomycin

1.0

8.5,8.4,8.2

8.36

0.14, 0.04, (-0.16)

0.152

0.087

5.0

5.3,5.9,4.7

5.3

0, 0.6, (-0.6)

0.6

0.346

Teixobactin

1.0

8.5,6.0,8.4,6.0

7.22

1.28, (-1.22), 1.18, (-1,22)

1.14

0.57

5.0

3.8,4.9,5.2,4.9

4.7

(-0.9), 0.2,0.5, 0.2

0.616

0.308

Plant like photosynthesis that releases O2 occurs in

(A) cyanobacteria.

(B) archaea.

(C) gram-positive bacteria.

(D) chemoautotrophic bacteria.

Photoautotrophs use

(A) light as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source.

(B) light as an energy source and methane as a carbon source.

(C) N2 as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source.

(D) CO2 as both an energy source and a carbon source.

Which of the following involves metabolic cooperation among prokaryotic cells?

(A) binary fission

(B) endospore formation

(C) biofilms

(D) photoautotrophy
See all solutions

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