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Chapter 51: Q51-2TYU (page 1159)

According to Hamilton鈥檚 rule,

(A) natural selection does not favor altruistic behavior that causes the death of the altruist.

(B) natural selection favors altruistic acts when the resulting benefit to the recipient, corrected for relatedness, exceeds the cost to the altruist.

(C) natural selection is more likely to favor altruistic behavior that benefits an offspring than altruistic behavior that benefits a sibling.

(D) the effects of kin selection are larger than the effects of direct natural selection on individuals.

Short Answer

Expert verified

  1. The statement 鈥渘atural selection does not favor altruistic behavior that causes the death of the altruist鈥� isfalse.

  2. The statement 鈥渘atural selection favors altruistic acts when the resulting benefit to the recipient, corrected for relatedness, exceeds the cost to the altruist鈥� istrue.

  3. The statement 鈥渘atural selection is more likely to favor altruistic behavior that benefits an offspring than altruistic behavior that benefits a sibling鈥� is false.

  4. The statement 鈥渢he effects of kin selection are larger than the effects of direct natural selection on individuals鈥� is false.

Step by step solution

01

Kin selection

Kin selection is defined as the reproductive success of an organism鈥檚 colony through the altruistic behavior of the individual organism. It is denoted as inclusive fitness.

In this type of natural selection, an organism gives up its life for the success of its colony.

Natural selection favors altruistic behavior in the organism, which benefits the entire colony.

02

Explanation of option ‘(A)’

Natural selection favors altruistic behavior because it boosts the likelihood of survival and success of the colony. Altruistic behavior can increase the reproductive fitness of the population. The genes responsible for altruistic behavior get selected by nature.

Therefore, altruistic behavior is favored by natural selection.

Thus, the statement is false.

03

Explanation of option ‘(B)’

Altruistic behavior is advantageous at the group level. Any population that has developed altruistic behavior is ready to give up its life for the benefit of the whole group. The increased relative fitness of the group allows altruistic behavior to evolve.

Therefore, even though altruism can cost the life of the individual, natural selection favors it for the benefit of the group.

Thus, the given statement is true.

04

Explanation of option ‘(C)’

Altruistic behavior in animals refers to any act exhibited by an individual which is detrimental to itself but benefits the siblings and offspring of the family.

Therefore, natural selection favors altruistic behavior, which benefits both siblings and offspring.

Thus, the given statement is false.

05

Explanation of option ‘(D)’

Kin selection is favored by natural selection because it increases reproductive success. The shared genes are used in kin selection. Individual selection is a lengthier or larger process than kin selection because the chances of reproductive success are less.

Therefore, the process of individual selection is lengthier than kin selection.

Thus, the given option is false.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Explain why geographic variation in garter snake prey choice might indicate that the behavior evolved by natural selection.

Balancing selection can maintain variation at a locus (see Concept 23.4). Based on the foraging experiments described in this chapter, devise a simple hypothesis to explain the presence of both for R and s alleles in natural fly populations.

In testing the optimal foraging model, it was assumed that changing the height of the drop only changed the total energy required. Do you think this is a realistic limitation, or might other factors than total energy be affected by height?

Although many chimpanzees live in environments with oil palm nuts, members of only a few populations use stones to crack open the nuts. The likely explanation is that

(A) the behavioral difference is caused by genetic differences between populations.

(B) members of different populations have different nutritional requirements.

(C) the cultural tradition of using stones to crack nuts has arisen in only some populations.

(D) members of different populations differ in learning ability.

Researchers are very interested in studying identical twins separated at birth and raised apart. So far, the data reveal that such twins frequently have similar personalities, mannerisms, habits, and interests. What general question do you think researchers hope to answer by studying such twins? Why do identical twins make good subjects for this research? What are the potential pitfalls of this research? What abuses might occur if the studies are not evaluated critically? Explain your thinking.
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