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Chapter 8: Q3TYU (page 143)

Question: Which of the following metabolic processes can occur without a net influx of energy from some other process?

  1. \({\rm{ADP}}\,{\rm{ + }}\,{\rm{Pi}}\, \to {\rm{ATP}}\,{\rm{ + }}\,{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{O}}\)
  2. \({{\rm{C}}_{\rm{6}}}{{\rm{H}}_{{\rm{12}}}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{6}}}\,{\rm{ + }}\,{\rm{6}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{ }} \to {\rm{6C}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{ + 6}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{O}}\)
  3. \({\rm{6C}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{ + 6}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{O}} \to \,{{\rm{C}}_{\rm{6}}}{{\rm{H}}_{{\rm{12}}}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{6}}}\,{\rm{ + }}\,\,{\rm{6}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}\)
  4. \({\rm{Amino}}\,{\rm{acids}}\, \to {\rm{Proteins}}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
  1. The option 鈥淺({\rm{ADP}}\,{\rm{ + }}\,{\rm{Pi}}\, \to {\rm{ATP}}\,{\rm{ + }}\,{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{O}}\)鈥� is false.
  2. The option 鈥淺({{\rm{C}}_{\rm{6}}}{{\rm{H}}_{{\rm{12}}}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{6}}}\,{\rm{ + }}\,{\rm{6}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{ }} \to {\rm{6C}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{ + 6}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{O}}\)鈥� is true.
  3. The option 鈥淺({\rm{6C}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{ + 6}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{O}} \to \,{{\rm{C}}_{\rm{6}}}{{\rm{H}}_{{\rm{12}}}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{6}}}\,{\rm{ + }}\,\,{\rm{6}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}\)鈥� is false.
  4. The option 鈥淺({\rm{Amino}}\,{\rm{acids}}\, \to {\rm{Proteins}}\)鈥漣sfalse.

Step by step solution

01

Metabolic reactions are either exergonic or endergonic

Some metabolic reactions in the cell require the input of energy to occur. These reactions are called endergonic reactions. Other metabolic processes release energy and are called exergonic reactions.

Thus, metabolic reactions are either exergonic or endergonic.

02

Explanation of option (A)

In the given equation, ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is formed from ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and Pi (inorganic phosphate).The process of chemiosmosis forms ATP.

This process requires energy to build the bond between an additional phosphate and ADP. Thus, chemiosmosis cannot occur without the input of energy.

Therefore, the given option is false.

03

Explanation of option (B)

In the given equation,glucose degrades to produce carbon dioxide and water. Glucose is the source of energy in the cell.

Thus, the breakdown of glucose occurs without an influx of energy.

Therefore, the given option is true.

04

Explanation of option (C) 

In the given equation, glucose is produced from carbon dioxide and water. The formation of one glucose molecule requires 18 molecules of ATP and 12 molecules of NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen).

Thus, the formation of glucose requires an enormous amount of energy.

Therefore, the given option is false.

05

Explanation of option (D)

In the given equation, the proteins are synthesized from amino acids. Protein synthesis is a demanding energy process because peptide bonds are formed in proteins that require energy input.

Thus, proteins cannot be formed without the input of energy.

Therefore, the given option is false.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Question: If an enzyme in solution is saturated with substrate, the most effective way to obtain a faster yield of products is to

  1. add more of the enzyme
  2. heat the solution to 90掳C.
  3. add more substrate
  4. add a non-competitive inhibitor

Question: A researcher has developed an assay to measure the activity of an enzyme present in pancreatic cells growing in culture. She adds the enzyme鈥檚 substrate to a dish of cells and then measures the appearance of reaction products. The results are graphed as the amount of product on the y-axis versus time on the x-axis. The researcher notes four sections of the graph. For a short period of time, no products appear (section A). Then (section B) the reaction rate is quite high (the slope of the line is steep). Next, the reaction gradually slows down (section C). Finally, the graph line becomes flat (section D). Draw and label the graph, and propose a model to explain the molecular events occurring at each stage of this reaction profile.

If you place a teaspoon of sugar in the bottom of a glass of water, it will dissolve completely over time. Left longer, eventually, the water will disappear, and the sugar crystals will reappear. Explain these observations in terms of entropy.

Question: If your blood sugar level is low from skipping lunch, what reaction (discussed in this exercise) will occur in your liver cells? Write out the reaction and put the name of the enzyme over the reaction arrow. How will this reaction affect your blood sugar level?

Question: Most cells cannot harness heat to perform work because

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