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Chapter 8: Q2. (page 147)

Describe the forms of energy found in an apple as it grows on a tree, then falls, then is digested by someone who eats it.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The energy found in apples is chemical potential energy. When it grows on a tree, the energy found in the apple is potential energy, and there is kinetic energy and heat energy involved when it hits the ground. When someone digests an apple, chemical energy and heat energy are involved.

Step by step solution

01

Different forms of energy

Energy is present as either stored form or inactive form. Chemical energy, potential energy, mechanical energy, solar energy, wind energy, etc., are some of the forms in which energy is present. Energy is always transferred from one form to another.

02

Form of energy found in apple 

The apple tree has several leaves that receive light energy derived from sunlight, which is transformed into the potential chemical energystored in molecules formed in photosynthesis. This energy in molecules is used to synthesize further molecules needed to build branches, leaves, and fruits.

03

Form of energy found as apple grows on the tree 

When apple fruit is formed in the tree, and when it falls to the ground, the potential energy transforms into kinetic energy, making it fall. Gradually when the apple touches the ground surface, the heat energy is formed by the kinetic energy.

04

Form of energy found when apple digested by the human

When someone eats apple fruit, the body transforms the chemical energy stored in the apple to fuel the body's muscles and perform other functions. Therefore, the heat produced from the combustion of molecules' kinetic energy is derived from organisms moving and performing locomotion.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Question: Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence: Catabolism is to anabolism as __________ is to _________.

  1. exergonic; spontaneous
  2. exergonic; endergonic
  3. free energy; entropy
  4. work;energy

Question: If an enzyme in solution is saturated with substrate, the most effective way to obtain a faster yield of products is to

  1. add more of the enzyme
  2. heat the solution to 90掳C.
  3. add more substrate
  4. add a non-competitive inhibitor

To see patterns in the data from a time-course experiment like this, it is helpful to graph the data. First, determine which set of data goes on each axis. (a) What did the researchers intentionally vary in the experiment? This is the independent variable, which goes on the x-axis. (b) What are the units (abbreviated) for the independent variable? Explain in words what the abbreviation stands for. (c) What was measured by the researchers? This is the dependent variable, which goes on the y-axis. (d) What does the units abbreviation stand for? Label each axis, including the units.

Question: Using a series of arrows, draw the branched metabolic reaction pathway described by the following statements, and then answer the question at the end. Use red arrows and minus signs to indicate inhibition.

L can form either M or N.

M can form O.

O can form either P or R.

P can form Q.

R can form S.

O inhibits the reaction of L to form M.

Q inhibits the reaction of O to form P.

S inhibits the reaction of O to form R.

Which reaction would prevail if both Q and S were present in the cell in high concentrations?

  1. \({\rm{L}}\, \to {\rm{M}}\)
  2. \({\rm{M}}\, \to {\rm{O}}\)
  3. \({\rm{L}}\, \to {\rm{N}}\)
  4. \({\rm{O}}\, \to {\rm{P}}\)

Malonate is an inhibitor of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase. How would you determine whether malonate is a competitive inhibitor or a non-competitive inhibitor?
See all solutions

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