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Chapter 8: Problem 1

How many chromatids does a duplicated chromosome have?

Short Answer

Expert verified
A duplicated chromosome has two chromatids.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Chromosome Duplication

A chromosome consists of a single DNA molecule. Before a cell divides, each chromosome is duplicated. This process is a part of the cell cycle, specifically occurring during the S phase of interphase.
02

Defining Chromatids

After duplication, each chromosome consists of two identical copies. These copies are called sister chromatids. They are held together by a structure called the centromere.
03

Counting Chromatids in a Duplicated Chromosome

Since a duplicated chromosome consists of two sister chromatids that are identical, the total number of chromatids in a duplicated chromosome is two.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Chromosome Duplication
Chromosome duplication is a vital step in the journey of cells. Imagine each chromosome as a book of instructions for the cell. To ensure that new cells have the same set of instructions, chromosomes must be duplicated before cell division. This duplication happens during the S phase of interphase in the cell cycle.
  • **Single vs. Duplicated**: Initially, each chromosome is a single DNA molecule. After duplication, each one consists of two identical DNA molecules.
  • **Importance**: This step ensures that each daughter cell will receive an identical copy of the chromosome set. Without this, genetic consistency wouldn't be maintained across cell generations.
  • **Result**: The duplication results in chromosomes having two sister chromatids, which will later be separated during cell division.
Cell Cycle
The cell cycle is the life cycle of a cell, detailing how it grows, duplicates its contents, and divides. It can be thought of like a well-orchestrated dance that prepares the cell for reproduction. The cycle has several important phases:
  • **G1 Phase**: The cell grows and carries out normal functions.
  • **S Phase**: Also known as the synthesis phase. It's when chromosome duplication occurs, each chromosome is duplicated to form sister chromatids.
  • **G2 Phase**: The cell continues to grow and prepares for division.
  • **M Phase (Mitosis)**: The actual division takes place, where sister chromatids separate into daughter cells.
  • **Cytokinesis**: The cytoplasm divides, leading to two separate daughter cells.
Understanding these phases is crucial for recognizing how the genetic material is accurately transmitted to daughter cells. Without these phases, cells could not reproduce correctly.
Centromere
In the beautiful structure of chromosomes, centromeres play a crucial role, acting as the link that holds sister chromatids together. The centromere is the specific region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are most tightly connected.
  • **Function**: It is essential during mitosis and meiosis because it enables the sister chromatids to move accurately to each daughter cell.
  • **Location**: The position of the centromere can differ, leading to various shapes and sizes of chromosomes.
  • **Mechanism**: Specialized proteins attach to centromeres, forming a complex known as the kinetochore, which is critical for chromosome movement.
By helping to sort and segregate the chromosomes correctly during cell division, the centromere ensures that each new cell maintains the right number of chromosomes, preventing genetic disorders.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Only ________ is not a stage of mitosis. a. prophase b. interphase c. metaphase d. anaphase

Meiosis and cytoplasmic division function in ________. a. asexual reproduction of single-celled eukaryotes b. growth and tissue repair c. sexual reproduction d. both a and b

After mitosis, the chromosome number of the two new cells is________ the parent cell's. a. a cell ceases to function b. a cell forms its spindle apparatus c. a cell grows and duplicates its DNA d. mitosis proceeds

Interphase is the part of the cell cycle when ________. a. a cell ceases to function b. a cell forms its spindle apparatus c. a cell grows and duplicates its DNA d. mitosis proceeds

A cell with two of each type of chromosome has \(a(n)\)________ chromosome number. a. diploid b. haploid c. tetraploid d. abnormal
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