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Chapter 43: Problem 3

When a person resists infection by a pathogen after being vaccinated against it, this is the result of: a.innate immunity. b.immunological memory. c. a response with defensins. d. an autoimmune reaction. e. an allergy.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The correct answer is (b) immunological memory.

Step by step solution

01

Analyze the Options

First, need to understand what each option means. Innate immunity is the body's initial, general response to all pathogens. Immunological memory is the capacity of the immune system to remember an encounter with a pathogen and respond more efficiently in subsequent encounters. Defensins are antimicrobial proteins that are part of the innate immune system. An autoimmune reaction refers to the immune system attacking the body's own cells. An allergy is an overactive immune response to substances that are typically harmless.
02

Relate to Vaccination

Next, relate the definitions of the options to how vaccination works. Vaccination injects a harmless form of a pathogen or its proteins into the body, triggering the immune system to produce a response.
03

Determine the Correct Option

Evaluating each option in the context of vaccination, the only option that stands out as correct is (b) immunological memory. This is because vaccination works by engaging the immune system to 'remember' the pathogen, so that it can combat it more efficiently if it encounters the actual pathogen in the future.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

After Jen punctured her hand with a muddy nail, in the emergency room she received both a vaccine and someone else's antibodies against tetanus toxin. The immunity conferred here is: a. both active and passive. b. active only. c. passive only. d. first active; later passive. e. innate.

Antibodies function to: a. deactivate the complement system. b. neutralize natural killer cells. c. clump bacteria and viruses for easy phagocytosis by macrophages. d. eliminate the chance for a secondary response. e. kill viruses inside of cells.

One characteristic of a B cell is that it: a. has the same structure in both invertebrates and vertebrates. b. recognizes antigens held on class I MHC proteins. c. binds viral infected cells and directly kills them. d. makes many different BCRs on its surface. e. has a BCR on its surface, which is the IgM molecule.

Components of the inflammatory response include all except: a. macrophages. b. neutrophils. c. B cells. d. mast cells. e. eosinophils.

Medicine attempts to enhance the immune response when treating: a. organ transplant recipients. b. anaphylactic shock. c. rheumatoid arthritis. d. HIV infection. e. Type I diabetes.
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