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Chapter 4: Problem 7

In order to obtain some materials and remove waste, what process is used by prokaryotes? a. cell division b. diffusion c. flagellar motion d. ribosomes

Short Answer

Expert verified
b. diffusion

Step by step solution

01

- Understanding the question

Identify what the question is asking: Which process do prokaryotes use to obtain materials and remove waste?
02

- Reviewing the options

Review the provided options:a. cell divisionb. diffusionc. flagellar motiond. ribosomes
03

- Analyzing each option

Analyze each option to determine if it fits the process of obtaining materials and removing waste:a. Cell division: Prokaryotes divide by binary fission, but this is not related to the immediate transport of materials or waste removal.b. Diffusion: This is the process of moving molecules from higher to lower concentration. Prokaryotes use diffusion to transport nutrients into the cell and waste products out.c. Flagellar motion: This is used for movement, not for material transport or waste removal.d. Ribosomes: Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, not in material transport or waste removal.
04

- Selecting the correct answer

Based on the analysis, diffusion (option b) is the process used by prokaryotes to obtain materials and remove waste.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic cells are single-celled organisms without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. They are typically smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea.

Key features of prokaryotic cells include:
  • A cell membrane that surrounds the cell
  • Genetic material (DNA) that is freely floating within the cell in a region called the nucleoid
  • Cytoplasm, a jelly-like substance where cellular processes occur
  • Ribosomes for protein synthesis
Prokaryotic cells have various shapes, but they all use certain processes, such as diffusion, to survive and perform necessary functions like obtaining nutrients and removing waste.
Material Transport
In prokaryotic cells, transporting materials is essential for cellular function and survival. The primary process for material transport in prokaryotes is diffusion.

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. It doesn鈥檛 require energy, making it an efficient way for cells to gain necessary molecules.

Examples of materials transported by diffusion include:
  • Oxygen, which is needed for cellular respiration
  • Nutrients such as glucose and amino acids
  • Water, by osmosis, a special type of diffusion for water molecules
Diffusion helps maintain a balance of molecules inside the cell and is crucial for supplying the cell with important nutrients for growth and function.
Waste Removal
For prokaryotic cells, removing waste is critical to prevent the accumulation of harmful substances. Just as they use diffusion to intake materials, they also rely on diffusion for waste removal.

Cells produce waste products such as carbon dioxide and other metabolic byproducts. These wastes must be efficiently expelled to maintain cellular health.

Here are key points about waste removal in prokaryotic cells:
  • Waste molecules move from the inside of the cell (where they are in higher concentration) to the outside (where the concentration is lower)
  • The process does not require energy, as it is a passive movement
  • Maintaining a proper waste removal system through diffusion helps keep the cell environment stable and conducive to various cellular functions
Without effective waste removal, cells could become toxic and die, so diffusion is a vital process for prokaryotic survival.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Mitochondria have DNA that encode proteins related to the structures and functions of the organelles. The replication appears to occur continuously, however, many questions about control of replication rate and segregation during mitosis are yet unanswered. Many diseases are caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitophagy, as the name suggests, leads to the destruction of mitochondria. Predict whether or not cellular control mechanisms involving the regulation of mitochondrial DNA by the nucleus exist. Make use of what you know about selection and homeostasis as they apply to both the organism and to the organelle.

Inhibitors of microtubule assembly, vinblastine for example, are used for cancer chemotherapy. How does an inhibitor of microtubule assembly affect cancerous cells? a. The inhibitors restrict the separation of chromosomes, thereby stopping cell division. b. The inhibition of microtubules interferes with the synthesis of proteins. c. The inhibitors bind the microtubule to the nuclear membrane, stopping cell division. d. The inhibitor interferes with energy production

Plasmodesmata in vascular plants and gap junctions in animals are examples of specialized features of cells. Mechanisms by which transport occurs between cells evolved independently within several eukaryotic clades. Explain, in terms of cellular cooperation, the selective advantages provided by such structures.

Eukaryotic cells contain complex organelles that carry out their chemical reactions. Prokaryotes lack many of these complex organelles, although they have a variety of unique structures of their own. However, most prokaryotic cells can exchange nutrients with the outside environment faster than most eukaryotic cells. Why is this so? a. Most prokaryotic cells are smaller, and have a higher surface-to-volume ratio, than eukaryotic cells. b. Most prokaryotic cells are larger, and have a higher surface-to-volume ratio than eukaryotic cells. c. Most prokaryotic cells are smaller, and have a lower surface-to-volume ratio than eukaryotic cells. d. Prokaryotic cells are larger and have a lower surface-to-volume ratio than eukaryotic cells.

What are the similarities and differences between the structures of centrioles and flagella? a. Centrioles and flagella are made of microtubules but show different arrangements. b. Centrioles are made of microtubules but flagella are made of microfilaments and both show the same arrangement. c. Centrioles and flagella are made of microfilaments. Centrioles have a 9 + 2 arrangement. d. Centrioles are made of microtubules and flagella are made of microfilaments and both have different structures
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