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Chapter 36: Problem 21

The following statements compare r-selected and Kselected species. Identify the statement that makes an accurate comparison. a. r-selected and K-selected species both have limitations in the amount of energy they can invest in reproduction, so they both use similar strategies. b. r-selected and K-selected species both have limitations in the amount of energy they can invest in reproduction, but they use completely different strategies. c. r-selected and K-selected species use similar reproductive strategies but r-selected species require less energy to reproduce than K-selected species. d. r-selected and K-selected species use different reproductive strategies because r-selected species require less energy to reproduce than Kselected species.

Short Answer

Expert verified
b: r-selected and K-selected species both have limitations in the amount of energy they can invest in reproduction, but they use completely different strategies.

Step by step solution

01

- Understand the Concepts

First, understand the key concepts of r-selected and K-selected species. r-selected species usually produce many offspring, have a high growth rate, and less parental investment. K-selected species produce fewer offspring, have a lower growth rate, and higher parental investment.
02

- Analyze the Statements

Examine each statement to identify the correct comparison.
03

- Evaluate Statement a

Statement a suggests that both types have similar strategies due to energy limitations. This is incorrect because r-selected and K-selected species employ different strategies despite energy limitations.
04

- Evaluate Statement b

Statement b states that both have energy limitations but use different strategies. This is correct since r-selected species focus on quantity while K-selected species focus on quality.
05

- Evaluate Statement c

Statement c implies both use similar strategies but r-selected species require less energy. This is incorrect because their strategies are fundamentally different.
06

- Evaluate Statement d

Statement d implies different strategies are used with r-selected species requiring less energy. While partly true, this statement is less accurate than b as it partially repeats the key concept inaccurately.
07

- Select the Most Accurate Statement

Based on the analysis, statement b accurately compares r-selected and K-selected species.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Reproductive Strategies
Understanding reproductive strategies is key to identifying the differences between r-selected and K-selected species. r-selected species, like insects or weeds, follow a strategy focused on producing a high number of offspring to increase the chances of species survival. They reproduce quickly and in larger quantities. On the other hand, K-selected species, such as elephants or humans, invest in producing fewer offspring with a higher chance of survival. They aim for quality over quantity, leading to prolonged periods of development and care for their young. These fundamental differences show how species adapt their reproductive tactics to cope with ecological pressures.
Energy Investment in Reproduction
Energy investment in reproduction is another crucial aspect that shapes reproductive strategies in r-selected and K-selected species. r-selected species allocate their energy to rapidly produce a large number of offspring, often with minimal energy spent on individual care. This is beneficial in unstable environments where the probability of offspring survival is low. K-selected species, however, invest considerable energy in fewer offspring, ensuring higher survival rates through parental care and resource allocation. This strategy is suited for stable environments where competition for limited resources is intense, and the probability of offspring survival is higher. Both strategies are about optimizing energy use for successful reproduction in different environmental contexts.
Parental Investment
Parental investment varies greatly between r-selected and K-selected species. r-selected species exhibit low parental investment. They often abandon their offspring shortly after birth, with the survival of the young relying heavily on chance. This low investment strategy is effective when producing many offspring, as it compensates for high mortality rates. Conversely, K-selected species have high parental investment. They provide extensive care, protection, and feeding to their offspring. This care includes teaching survival skills, which is essential for the offspring's development. High parental investment leads to lower birth rates but higher survival rates, emphasizing quality and longevity over sheer numbers.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Explain why the concept of carrying capacity is important when discussing human population growth. a. Humans can decrease the carrying capacity of their environment by developing food production methods and engineering high quality shelters, which enables more people to live than would otherwise be possible. b. Humans have been able to change the carrying capacity of their environment, which enables more people survive. By decreasing their own carrying capacity, humans are responsible for their population boom. c. Humans have been able to change the carrying capacity of their environment, which enables more people to live. By increasing their own carrying capacity, humans are responsible for their population boom. d. Humans can increase the carrying capacity of their environment by developing food production methods and engineering high quality shelters, which enables fewer people to live than would otherwise be possible. This would result in population collapse.

Two different plant species expend approximately the same amount of energy on reproduction, yet one produces many seeds in a season and the other produces very few. Explain what is likely to be true of the seeds of these two species. a. In the plant species that produces many seeds, most of the energy is used to produce seeds, of which only a few will germinate and produce another plant. In the species that produces few seeds, most of the energy is used to increase the chances of seeds produced to germinate and grow into an adult plant. b. In a plant species that produces many seeds, most of the energy is used to produce seeds, most of which will germinate and produce another plant. In a species that produces few seeds, most of the energy is used to increase the chances of seeds produced to germinate and grow into an adult plant. c. In a plant species that produces many seeds, most of the energy is used to produce seeds, of which only a few will germinate and produce another plant. In a species that produces few seeds, most of the energy is used to reduce the chances of seeds produced to germinate and grow into an adult plant. d. In a plant species that produces many seeds, most of the energy is used to increase the chances of seeds produced to germinate and grow into an adult plant. In a species that produces few seeds, most of the energy is used to produce those seeds, which will germinate and produce another plant.

Explain the correlation between age structure and the level of economic development observed in many countries. a. There is no correlation between the characteristics of age structures and the level of economic development. b. Countries that are more economically developed tend to have fewer middle- aged individuals and more young individuals than undeveloped countries. c. A larger ratio of very young individuals to very old individuals characterizes the age structures of countries with the highest economic development. d. Age structures of economically undeveloped countries show greater proportions of children and fewer proportions of elderly people.

A honey bee colony contains one queen, hundreds of drones, and many thousands of worker bees. The queen produces eggs, the drones produce sperm, and the workers are sterile. Explain how the reproductive strategy of honey bees benefits the survival of the species. (credit: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) a. The fertile queen and drones produce many offspring while sterile worker bees do not benefit the survival of the species. b. Worker bees produce many offspring while the sterile queen and drones do not benefit the survival of the species. c. The sterile queen and drones use the energy taken in by them for their own growth, growth and maintenance of the hive, and protection and nurturing of offspring. d. Sterile worker bees use the energy taken in by them for their own growth, growth and maintenance of the hive, and protection and nurturing of offspring.

Which explanation best defines density-dependent growth regulation? a. a factor that affects population density but not population size b. a factor that affects population size but not population density c. a factor that affects population size regardless of population density d. a factor that affects population size in ways related to population density
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