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Chapter 35: Problem 4

Each year, Lake Michigan beach visitors are warned of possible E.coli, which can cause illness. In order to understand how environmental conditions, both biotic and abiotic, affect E. coli risk, which type of individual should an infectious disease specialist collaborate with? a. an ecosystem ecologist b. a podiatrist c. a community ecologist d. a population ecologist

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. an ecosystem ecologist

Step by step solution

01

Identify the key objective

The main objective is to determine who an infectious disease specialist should collaborate with to understand how environmental conditions affect E. coli risk in Lake Michigan.
02

Understand the role of each option

a. An ecosystem ecologist studies interactions among organisms and their environment in the entire ecosystem. b. A podiatrist specializes in foot and ankle conditions. c. A community ecologist focuses on the interactions between species within a community. d. A population ecologist studies individuals of the same species within an area and how they interact with the environment.
03

Match roles with objective

Out of the roles described, the ecosystem ecologist would be most relevant because they study how various environmental conditions (both biotic and abiotic) influence the entire ecosystem, which includes the presence and spread of E. coli.
04

Make a selection

Based on the roles, the infectious disease specialist should collaborate with an ecosystem ecologist to understand the environmental impacts on E. coli risk.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

biotic factors
Biotic factors are all the living components in an ecosystem. These can include plants, animals, bacteria, fungi, and any other living organisms. In the context of Lake Michigan and E. coli, relevant biotic factors might include:
  • Plants and algae present in the water
  • Aquatic animals like fish and insects
  • Bacteria other than E. coli, which can either inhibit or promote E. coli growth
  • Human activity, such as waste discharge
Understanding these biotic elements helps us grasp how they interact with each other and impact the growth of E. coli in the environment. This interaction can be complex, as some organisms might consume E. coli, while others contribute organic matter that supports its growth.
abiotic factors
Abiotic factors are the non-living components of an ecosystem that influence living organisms. Important abiotic factors relevant to E. coli in Lake Michigan may include:
  • Water temperature
  • pH levels
  • Salinity
  • Sunlight
  • Nutrient levels
  • Water flow and currents
  • Presence of pollutants or chemicals
These factors can affect the survival, reproduction, and spread of E. coli. For example, warmer temperatures might promote the growth of E. coli, while pollutants could either kill the bacteria or promote its proliferation by killing off competing microorganisms.
infectious diseases
Infectious diseases are illnesses caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. These diseases can spread, directly or indirectly, from one individual to another. E. coli is a type of bacteria that can cause infectious diseases when ingested through contaminated water or food.
  • Symptoms of E. coli infection include stomach cramps, diarrhea, and vomiting.
  • Severe cases can lead to more serious health issues, especially in vulnerable populations like the elderly or young children.
  • Understanding infectious diseases requires studying both the pathogen and the environmental factors that influence its growth and spread.
An infectious disease specialist would need to work with an ecosystem ecologist to understand the complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors that affect the proliferation of E. coli in Lake Michigan. This collaboration can help develop better prevention and treatment strategies, ensuring the health and safety of beach visitors.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide are considered greenhouse gases because___. a. They trap solar radiation released from the sun as it reaches the Earth鈥檚 surface, similar to the glass in a greenhouse. b. They are found mostly in green houses. c. These gases are essential for plant growth in a green house. d. They trap solar radiation, which is converted into thermal radiation on the Earth鈥檚 surface of which some is reradiated back into the atmosphere.

What are possible short-term and long-term effects of natural and human- induced processes on global climate change and, consequently, ecosystems? a. Short term changes include melting of glaciers, rise in levels of water bodies which may cover islands close to sea level, destroying the local ecosystem and animals, and so on. Long-term changes experienced could include changes in seasonal patterns, unseasonal rainfall, and changes in the life cycle of insects. b. Short term changes include changes in seasonal patterns, unseasonal rainfall, changes in the life cycle of insects and animals, and so on. Longterm changes could be change in flowering times of flowers, and the rise in levels of water bodies, which may cover islands close to sea level, destroying the local ecosystem. c. Short-term changes include changes in seasonal patterns,unseasonal rainfall, changes in the life cycle of insects and animals, and so on. Longterm changes could be melting of glaciers, and a rise in levels of water bodies which may cover islands close to sea level, destroying the local ecosystem. d. Short term changes include melting of glaciers, unseasonal rainfall, changes in the life cycle of insects and animals, etc. Long-term changes could be rise in levels of water bodies which may cover islands close to sea level, destroying the local ecosystem.

If scientists had to predict the rise in Earth鈥檚 temperature in the next one hundred years, what would they take into consideration? a. Scientists can predict the change in earth鈥檚 temperature only by analyzing previous and current data such as dimensions and locations of glaciers as well as the water levels in lakes, rivers, and oceans. b. Scientists could predict rise in temperature by analyzing previous and current data like dimensions and locations of glaciers, water levels in lakes, rivers and oceans and by counting and examining number of annual rings in trees. c. Scientists could predict rise in earth鈥檚 temperature by measuring the greenhouse gases present in the current atmosphere. Counting and examining the number of annual rings in trees would also point to the climactic changes over the years. d. Scientists can predict the change in earth鈥檚 atmosphere by counting and analyzing the number of annual rings in trees. Also, analyzing ice cores for over a year would predict the rise in Earth鈥檚 temperature in the next one hundred years.

The extremely low precipitation of subtropical desert biomes might lead one to expect fire to be a major disturbance factor. However, fire is more common in the temperate grassland biome than in the sub tropic desert biome. Why is this? a. Due to higher net primary productivity, biomass in deserts is significantly more than in temperate grassland biomes. However, it is easier for fire to spread in grasslands as they are found in abundance. b. Due to lower net primary productivity, biomass in deserts is significantly less than in temperate grassland biomes. It is easier for fire to spread in grasslands as they are found in abundance. c. Due to lower net primary productivity, biomass in deserts is significantly less than in temperate grassland biomes. It is easier for fire to spread in grasslands as they have very low precipitation and high temperatures. d. Due to higher net primary productivity, biomass in deserts is significantly more than in temperate grassland biomes. However, it is easier for fire to spread in grasslands as they have very low precipitation and high temperatures.

Water bodies can differ in the amount of salt present. Which of the following is a characteristic of an estuary? a. a continuous body of water with high salinity b. an area where the salinity varies c. a body of water with low salinity d. a body of water with low salt entering land
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