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Chapter 35: Problem 2

Which of the following are arranged from least inclusive to most inclusive? a. population>ecosystem>community > biosphere b. ecosystem < population < biosphere < community c. biosphere < ecosystem < community < population d. population < community < ecosystem < biosphere

Short Answer

Expert verified
Option d: population < community < ecosystem < biosphere

Step by step solution

01

Define Key Terms

To answer the question, it's important to understand the definitions of the terms: population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere. - Population: A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area. - Community: All the different populations that live together in an area. - Ecosystem: A community of organisms and their physical environment interacting together. - Biosphere: The global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships.
02

Determine Inclusiveness Hierarchy

Arrange the terms from the least inclusive to the most inclusive based on their definitions: 1. Population (least inclusive) 2. Community 3. Ecosystem 4. Biosphere (most inclusive)
03

Match the Correct Order

Compare the determined hierarchy with the given options: Option d: population < community < ecosystem < biosphere matches the correct order.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Population
In ecology, a population refers to a group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area. Populations can be as small as a group of frogs in a pond or as large as the deer population in a forest. Populations are the smallest unit of ecological hierarchy. They share resources and are affected by similar environmental factors. Understanding population dynamics helps ecologists predict changes in species distribution and abundance. Key characteristics of populations include:
  • Population size
  • Density
  • Genetic variation
  • Growth rate
Each of these factors plays a role in how populations interact with their environment and with other species.
Community
A community encompasses all the different populations that live together in a particular area. It includes various species interacting with each other through a myriad of relationships such as predation, competition, and symbiosis. Communities are more inclusive than populations. They form through the co-existence and interaction of diverse organisms. For instance, a forest community may include trees, birds, insects, and mammals. Important aspects of a community include:
  • Species diversity
  • Food webs
  • Habitat specificity
  • Ecological niches
These interactions define community structure and function, influencing how populations contribute to and are influenced by the environment.
Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a broader concept than a community. It includes both living organisms (biotic factors) and non-living components (abiotic factors) such as water, soil, and climate, cwithin a specific area. Ecosystems are complex networks where energy flow and nutrient cycling occur. They can be as small as a tide pool or as large as a desert. Ecologists study ecosystems to understand the relationships and dependencies between organisms and their physical surroundings. Key features of ecosystems include:
  • Energy flow
  • Food chains and webs
  • Cycles of matter (e.g., carbon, nitrogen, water)
  • Biotic and abiotic interactions
Understanding ecosystems helps in managing natural resources and conserving biodiversity.
Biosphere
The biosphere is the most inclusive level of ecological study. It integrates all living beings and their relationships with each other and their environments across the entire planet. It encompasses all ecosystems on Earth, from the deepest oceans to the highest mountains. The biosphere is a global network of life, where energy and nutrients circulate in a delicate balance. Important aspects of the biosphere include:
  • Global biogeochemical cycles
  • Climate interactions
  • Biodiversity
  • Human impact
Studying the biosphere provides insights into the sustainability of life on Earth and the challenges posed by environmental changes and human activities.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which of the following gases is not considered a significant contributor to global warming? a. carbon dioxide b. methane c. nitric oxide d. oxygen

The population of a certain species of deer has been reduced drastically because of indiscriminate hunting. How will you determine its impact on the local ecosystem? a. To determine the effect of indiscriminate hunting on local ecosystem, environmental conditions should be determined. If a drastic change in environmental conditions is observed then, indiscriminate hunting of deer should be discouraged. b. The number of predators, their effect on plants they feed on, availability of nutrients in soil, and number of pests should be determined. If there is a drastic change in numbers, then indiscriminate hunting of deer should be discouraged. c. Determining the number of predators alone is sufficient to determine the impact of indiscriminate hunting on local ecosystem. If there is a drastic change in numbers, then indiscriminate hunting of deer should be discouraged. d. Determination of the availability of nutrients in soil helps in determining the impact of indiscriminate hunting on local ecosystem. If there is a drastic change in the availability, then indiscriminate hunting of deer should be discouraged.

Many endemic species are found in areas that are geographically isolated. Suggest a plausible scientific explanation why this is so. a. Geographically isolated areas have provided high temperature conditions for certain species to evolve. Over time, these species retained their unique characteristics because they remained separated from other species. b. Geographically isolated areas have provided a unique environment for certain species to evolve. Over time, these species retained their unique characteristics because they remained separated from other species. c. Certain species are introduced into some geographically isolated areas, which provide them unique environments. Over time, these species retained their unique characteristics because they remained separated from other species. d. A unique environment is provided for certain species to evolve in vitro and these species are introduced into geographically isolated areas. Over time, these species retained their unique characteristics because they remained separated from other species.

If scientists had to predict the rise in Earth鈥檚 temperature in the next one hundred years, what would they take into consideration? a. Scientists can predict the change in earth鈥檚 temperature only by analyzing previous and current data such as dimensions and locations of glaciers as well as the water levels in lakes, rivers, and oceans. b. Scientists could predict rise in temperature by analyzing previous and current data like dimensions and locations of glaciers, water levels in lakes, rivers and oceans and by counting and examining number of annual rings in trees. c. Scientists could predict rise in earth鈥檚 temperature by measuring the greenhouse gases present in the current atmosphere. Counting and examining the number of annual rings in trees would also point to the climactic changes over the years. d. Scientists can predict the change in earth鈥檚 atmosphere by counting and analyzing the number of annual rings in trees. Also, analyzing ice cores for over a year would predict the rise in Earth鈥檚 temperature in the next one hundred years.

The extremely low precipitation of subtropical desert biomes might lead one to expect fire to be a major disturbance factor. However, fire is more common in the temperate grassland biome than in the sub tropic desert biome. Why is this? a. Due to higher net primary productivity, biomass in deserts is significantly more than in temperate grassland biomes. However, it is easier for fire to spread in grasslands as they are found in abundance. b. Due to lower net primary productivity, biomass in deserts is significantly less than in temperate grassland biomes. It is easier for fire to spread in grasslands as they are found in abundance. c. Due to lower net primary productivity, biomass in deserts is significantly less than in temperate grassland biomes. It is easier for fire to spread in grasslands as they have very low precipitation and high temperatures. d. Due to higher net primary productivity, biomass in deserts is significantly more than in temperate grassland biomes. However, it is easier for fire to spread in grasslands as they have very low precipitation and high temperatures.
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