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Chapter 35: Problem 2

Which of the following are arranged from least inclusive to most inclusive? a. population>ecosystem>community > biosphere b. ecosystem < population < biosphere < community c. biosphere < ecosystem < community < population d. population < community < ecosystem < biosphere

Short Answer

Expert verified
Option d: population < community < ecosystem < biosphere

Step by step solution

01

Define Key Terms

To answer the question, it's important to understand the definitions of the terms: population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere. - Population: A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area. - Community: All the different populations that live together in an area. - Ecosystem: A community of organisms and their physical environment interacting together. - Biosphere: The global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships.
02

Determine Inclusiveness Hierarchy

Arrange the terms from the least inclusive to the most inclusive based on their definitions: 1. Population (least inclusive) 2. Community 3. Ecosystem 4. Biosphere (most inclusive)
03

Match the Correct Order

Compare the determined hierarchy with the given options: Option d: population < community < ecosystem < biosphere matches the correct order.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Population
In ecology, a population refers to a group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area. Populations can be as small as a group of frogs in a pond or as large as the deer population in a forest. Populations are the smallest unit of ecological hierarchy. They share resources and are affected by similar environmental factors. Understanding population dynamics helps ecologists predict changes in species distribution and abundance. Key characteristics of populations include:
  • Population size
  • Density
  • Genetic variation
  • Growth rate
Each of these factors plays a role in how populations interact with their environment and with other species.
Community
A community encompasses all the different populations that live together in a particular area. It includes various species interacting with each other through a myriad of relationships such as predation, competition, and symbiosis. Communities are more inclusive than populations. They form through the co-existence and interaction of diverse organisms. For instance, a forest community may include trees, birds, insects, and mammals. Important aspects of a community include:
  • Species diversity
  • Food webs
  • Habitat specificity
  • Ecological niches
These interactions define community structure and function, influencing how populations contribute to and are influenced by the environment.
Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a broader concept than a community. It includes both living organisms (biotic factors) and non-living components (abiotic factors) such as water, soil, and climate, cwithin a specific area. Ecosystems are complex networks where energy flow and nutrient cycling occur. They can be as small as a tide pool or as large as a desert. Ecologists study ecosystems to understand the relationships and dependencies between organisms and their physical surroundings. Key features of ecosystems include:
  • Energy flow
  • Food chains and webs
  • Cycles of matter (e.g., carbon, nitrogen, water)
  • Biotic and abiotic interactions
Understanding ecosystems helps in managing natural resources and conserving biodiversity.
Biosphere
The biosphere is the most inclusive level of ecological study. It integrates all living beings and their relationships with each other and their environments across the entire planet. It encompasses all ecosystems on Earth, from the deepest oceans to the highest mountains. The biosphere is a global network of life, where energy and nutrients circulate in a delicate balance. Important aspects of the biosphere include:
  • Global biogeochemical cycles
  • Climate interactions
  • Biodiversity
  • Human impact
Studying the biosphere provides insights into the sustainability of life on Earth and the challenges posed by environmental changes and human activities.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Why is it essential for organisms to maintain a constant body temperature? Describe adaptations that help the organisms cope with changes in environmental temperature. a. The rate of metabolic processes increases at very high or low temperatures. So, organisms have to maintain a constant body temperature. This can be achieved only by migration to avoid seasonal temperature changes. b. Enzymes that carry out metabolic processes are denatured at very high temperatures. So, organisms have to maintain a constant body temperature. This can be achieved by hibernation, aestivation, or migration. c. The rate of metabolic processes increases at very high or low temperatures. So, organisms have to maintain a constant body temperature. This can be achieved by hibernation, aestivation, or migration. d. Enzymes that carry out metabolic processes are denatured at very high temperatures. So, organisms have to maintain a constant body temperature. This can be achieved only by migration to avoid seasonal temperature changes.

Some bacterial species can use nitrogen directly from the atmosphere. In this situation, the bacteria are a _____. a. biotic factor b. abiotic factor c. predator d. symbiotic partner

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What are possible consequences if there is a big oil spill in the middle of the ocean? How will it affect the biodiversity and the net primary productivity? What are some strategies to clean up this oil spill? a. Oil spills increase the amount of light and oxygen entering the ocean. The phytoplanktons may perish. Presence of oil would limit mobility of marine animals and may result in death. Some chemicals and bioremediation can help oil clean up. b. Oil spills increase the amount of light and oxygen entering the ocean. The phytoplanktons may increase. The mobility of marine animals increases. Biodiversity and, therefore, net primary productivity increases. Some chemicals and bioremediation can help oil clean up. c. Oil spills cover the surface of the ocean, reducing the amount of light entering the ocean. The marine organisms that can survive independent of light will not be affected. Some chemicals and bioremediation can help oil clean up. d. Oil spills cover the surface of the ocean, reducing the amount of light and oxygen entering the ocean. The phytoplankton may perish. Presence of oil would limit mobility of marine animals and may result in death. Some chemicals and bioremediation can help oil clean up

Carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide are considered greenhouse gases because___. a. They trap solar radiation released from the sun as it reaches the Earth鈥檚 surface, similar to the glass in a greenhouse. b. They are found mostly in green houses. c. These gases are essential for plant growth in a green house. d. They trap solar radiation, which is converted into thermal radiation on the Earth鈥檚 surface of which some is reradiated back into the atmosphere.
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