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Chapter 32: Problem 21

What substance is secreted by most aquatic animals, and why? a. ammonia, because it can be easily diluted in an aquatic environment b. uric acid, because aquatic animals must preserve water c. urea, because ammonia needs to be converted before it can safely be stored in the body. d. chlorine, because it can easily be converted to a gas

Short Answer

Expert verified
Option a: ammonia, because it can be easily diluted in an aquatic environment.

Step by step solution

01

- Understand the Requirements

The task is to determine which substance is secreted by most aquatic animals and the reason for this choice.
02

- Analyze Each Option

Review each of the provided options to see which fits the context of aquatic animals best.
03

- Assess Option a

Option a states 'ammonia, because it can be easily diluted in an aquatic environment.' Aquatic animals often secrete ammonia directly as it is highly soluble in water, making it easier to excrete.
04

- Assess Option b

Option b states 'uric acid, because aquatic animals must preserve water.' This does not align with being immersed in an aquatic environment where water conservation is less of a concern.
05

- Assess Option c

Option c states 'urea, because ammonia needs to be converted before it can safely be stored in the body.' This is more typical of terrestrial animals that need to convert ammonia to urea as a less toxic form for storage.
06

- Assess Option d

Option d states 'chlorine, because it can easily be converted to a gas.' This option is not biologically relevant since chlorine is not a waste product secreted by animals.
07

- Determine the Correct Answer

Option a is the correct answer as ammonia is easily diluted and excreted in an aquatic environment.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

ammonia excretion
Ammonia excretion is a primary method of waste removal for many aquatic animals. These organisms excrete ammonia directly into the water around them.
This is because ammonia is highly toxic if it accumulates within the body. However, in an aquatic environment, ammonia can be rapidly diluted by the water. This efficient elimination of nitrogenous waste prevents harmful effects on the organism.
Ammonia requires minimal energy to produce, making it an energy-efficient choice for waste removal. This process also reduces the need for complex biochemical pathways.
aquatic environment
Aquatic environments play a crucial role in the excretion strategies of various organisms. Due to the abundance of water, animals living in these habitats do not face significant challenges related to water conservation.
In a watery setting, the dilutive properties of water make it an excellent medium for the dispersal of soluble wastes like ammonia. This means that animals in these environments can excrete waste products directly into the surrounding water without concern for toxicity levels.
Moreover, the constant flow and renewal of water in aquatic habitats ensure that wastes do not accumulate, providing a stable and supportive environment for the organisms.
nitrogenous waste
Nitrogenous waste refers to the byproducts of protein metabolism that need to be excreted from the body. The most common types of nitrogenous wastes are ammonia, urea, and uric acid.
These waste products differ in toxicity, solubility, and energy required for their production.
  • Ammonia: Highly toxic but easily diluted. Ideal for aquatic animals.
  • Urea: Less toxic than ammonia and water-soluble. Often used by terrestrial animals.
  • Uric Acid: Least toxic and conserves water. Used by organisms with limited water access.

The choice of nitrogenous waste form depends on an organism's habitat and evolutionary adaptations. Understanding these waste types allows us to grasp how animals manage excretion effectively according to their ecological needs.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Patients with kidney illnesses use dialysis machines to remove harmful urea from their blood. The blood is separated from a solution, called the dialysate, that is designed to remove wastes by diffusion through a semipermeable membrane. How does the concentration of solutes likely differ between the upper component of the dialyzer and the lower compartment, containing the fresh dialysate, for the dialysis to successfully remove wastes from the blood? a. In the upper component, the dialysate has a higher solute concentration than the blood, which allows the urea to diffuse to the lower dialysate down its concentration gradient. b. In the upper component, the dialysate has a lower solute concentration than the blood, which allows the urea to be separated via active transport down the concentration gradient. c. In the upper component, the dialysate has a higher solute concentration than the blood, which allows the urea to utilize facilitated diffusion in order to diffuse to the lower dialysate. d. In the upper component, the dialysate has a lower solute concentration than the blood, which allows the urea to diffuse to the lower dialysate down its concentration gradient.

What are the cause and treatment of Addison鈥檚 disease? a. an excess of uric acid in the blood, uric aciddissolving drugs b. an inability to produce adh, drink excess water c. an excess of \(K^{+}\) secretion into the urine, take in excess potassium d. an inability to produce aldosterone, take in excess sodium

In terms of evolution, why might the urea cycle have evolved in organisms? a. so organisms could adapt to the changing environment when terrestrial life forms evolved b. so organisms could evolve the ability to switch between direct ammonia excretion and urea c. so organisms could reduce their excretion of ammonia in the form of urea d. so organisms could adapt to the changing environment and excrete higher concentrations of uric acid

In the loop of Henle, the permeability of the membrane changes. The descending limb and ascending limb are permeable to which of the following, respectively? a. solutes and water b. proteins and solutes c. water and proteins d. water and solutes

What is the 鈥渇ight or flight鈥� response, and what is its effect on the excretory system? a. Aldosterone is the 鈥渇ight or flight鈥� that is released by the adrenal medulla under extreme stress. This hormone constricts the smooth muscles of the blood vessels. It constricts the afferent arterioles, causing the flow of blood into the nephrons to stop. b. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are the 鈥渇ight or flight鈥� hormones that are released by the adrenal medulla and the nervous system, respectively, under extreme stress. These hormones constrict the smooth muscles of the blood vessels. They constrict the afferent arterioles, causing the flow of blood into the nephrons to stop. c. ADH is the 鈥渇ight or flight鈥� hormone that is released by the adrenal medulla under extreme stress. This hormone constricts the smooth muscles of the blood vessels. It constricts the efferent arterioles, causing the flow of blood into the nephrons to stop. d. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are the 鈥渇ight or flight鈥� hormones that are released by the adrenal medulla and the nervous system, respectively, under extreme stress. These hormones constrict the smooth muscles of the blood vessels. They constrict the efferent arterioles, causing the flow of blood into the nephrons to stop.
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