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Chapter 32: Problem 2

What is given to a dehydrated human patient when he or she needs to be given fluids intravenously? a. Water, which is hypotonic with respect to body fluids. b. Saline at a concentration that is isotonic with respect to body fluids. c. Glucose because it is a non-electrolyte. d. blood

Short Answer

Expert verified
b. Saline at a concentration that is isotonic with respect to body fluids.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the problem

Identify the condition described: a dehydrated human patient needing intravenous fluids.
02

Evaluating option a

Option a suggests using water, which is hypotonic. Hypotonic solutions can cause cells to swell and possibly burst because water enters the cells. Therefore, hypotonic solutions are not typically used for rehydration intravenously.
03

Evaluating option b

Option b suggests using saline at a concentration that is isotonic with respect to body fluids. Isotonic solutions are balanced with the body's own fluid osmolarity, helping to rehydrate without causing cellular swelling or shrinkage.
04

Evaluating option c

Option c suggests using glucose because it's a non-electrolyte. While glucose can be utilized by the body for energy, it does not address the need for balancing electrolytes and osmolarity in the context of dehydration.
05

Evaluating option d

Option d suggests using blood. Blood transfusions are generally reserved for situations involving significant blood loss or certain medical conditions, rather than simple rehydration needs.
06

Selecting the correct answer

Given the evaluations, the best option for rehydration that matches the body's fluid conditions is option b: Saline at a concentration that is isotonic with respect to body fluids.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

isotonic solutions
Isotonic solutions play a crucial role when it comes to rehydrating a dehydrated patient. These solutions have the same osmolarity as the body's cells and blood.
They perfectly balance the movement of water into and out of cells, preventing cellular swelling or shrinkage.

This means that when isotonic solutions are administered intravenously, they can effectively replenish the body's fluids without disrupting cellular equilibrium.
In medical practice, isotonic solutions, like normal saline, are the preferred choice for treating dehydration because they restore the body's fluid balance gently and efficiently.
saline solution
Saline solution is a type of isotonic solution that is commonly used in rehydration therapy.
It is a mixture of sodium chloride (salt) in water, typically at a concentration of 0.9%, which matches the concentration of salts in the human body.
This balance ensures that saline solution can rehydrate tissues without causing harm to cells.

Normal saline is used to treat dehydration because it quickly restores both fluid and electrolyte balance. It's simple yet effective action makes saline solution an essential tool in intravenous therapy.
cellular osmolarity
Cellular osmolarity refers to the concentration of solutes inside the cells.
Maintaining a proper osmolarity is vital for cell function and overall health.

When a patient is dehydrated, the osmolarity of their cells can become imbalanced, leading to either cell shrinkage or swelling, depending on the type of fluid loss and what fluids are replaced.
Using an isotonic solution like normal saline, helps to maintain the osmolarity balance, as it mimics the osmolarity of the body's own fluids, thereby preventing potential cellular damage during rehydration.
dehydration treatment
Dehydration treatment aims to restore the body's fluid and electrolyte balance.
In clinical settings, the treatment often involves intravenous therapy with fluids that match the body's osmolarity.

Common symptoms of dehydration include thirst, dry mouth, reduced urine output, and dizziness.
The key goal is to provide a solution that efficiently rehydrates without causing further complications.

Isotonic saline solution is typically preferred because it quickly replenishes lost fluids and electrolytes and aligns closely with the body's natural state, ensuring a safe and effective recovery from dehydration.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Planaria are flatworms that live in fresh water. Their excretory system, or protonephridia, consists of two tubules connected to a highly branched tube system. The intake end of the tubes contain cilia that propel waste matter down the tubules and out of the body through excretory pores that open on the body surface. Cilia also draw water from the interstitial fluid, allowing for filtration. Any valuable metabolites are recovered by reabsorption. What structure in the human kidneys most closely resembles the cilia of the protonephridia, and why? a. The renal artery, because it facilitates the exchange of nutrients with the blood b. The convoluted tubule, because it facilitates the exchange of nutrients with the blood c. The glomerulus, because it facilitates filtering of the blood d. The ureter, because it facilitates filtering of the blood

Which cells or organs secrete renin? a. granular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus b. the kidneys c. the nephrons d. water-reabsorbing cells of the collecting duct

What are the cause and treatment of Addison鈥檚 disease? a. an excess of uric acid in the blood, uric aciddissolving drugs b. an inability to produce adh, drink excess water c. an excess of \(K^{+}\) secretion into the urine, take in excess potassium d. an inability to produce aldosterone, take in excess sodium

Patients with kidney illnesses use dialysis machines to remove harmful urea from their blood. The blood is separated from a solution, called the dialysate, that is designed to remove wastes by diffusion through a semipermeable membrane. How does the concentration of solutes likely differ between the upper component of the dialyzer and the lower compartment, containing the fresh dialysate, for the dialysis to successfully remove wastes from the blood? a. In the upper component, the dialysate has a higher solute concentration than the blood, which allows the urea to diffuse to the lower dialysate down its concentration gradient. b. In the upper component, the dialysate has a lower solute concentration than the blood, which allows the urea to be separated via active transport down the concentration gradient. c. In the upper component, the dialysate has a higher solute concentration than the blood, which allows the urea to utilize facilitated diffusion in order to diffuse to the lower dialysate. d. In the upper component, the dialysate has a lower solute concentration than the blood, which allows the urea to diffuse to the lower dialysate down its concentration gradient.

Which water-insoluble compound is similar to purines found in nucleic acids and tends to form a white paste or powder? a. urea b. guanine c. ammonia d. uric acid
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