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Chapter 3: Problem 36

What is found in RNA that is not in DNA? a. deoxyribose and adenine b. fructose and thymine c. glucose and quinine d. ribose and uracil

Short Answer

Expert verified
d. ribose and uracil.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the components of DNA

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) contains deoxyribose sugar, and its nucleotides include adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
02

Identify the components of RNA

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) contains ribose sugar, and its nucleotides include adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
03

Compare RNA and DNA

The key difference between RNA and DNA is that RNA has ribose sugar and uracil, while DNA has deoxyribose sugar and thymine.
04

Identify the unique components of RNA

Look at the answer choices and identify which components are unique to RNA. The components unique to RNA are ribose and uracil.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

deoxyribose
Deoxyribose is a type of sugar that is found in DNA. It is called 'deoxyribose' because it lacks one oxygen atom (hence the 'deoxy' part). This difference is crucial because it impacts the stability and function of DNA. Deoxyribose is part of the DNA backbone and helps give DNA its unique double-helix structure.

This sugar is numbered from 1鈥� to 5鈥�, which is important for forming the sugar-phosphate backbone. It is crucial to remember that deoxyribose pairs with nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine) to form the structure of DNA. So, the presence of deoxyribose instead of ribose is a primary distinction between DNA and RNA.
ribose
Ribose is the sugar found in RNA. Unlike deoxyribose, ribose has one extra oxygen atom. This characteristic makes RNA more reactive compared to DNA, which can affect its stability.

In RNA, the ribose sugar also plays a pivotal role in forming the molecule鈥檚 structure. The RNA backbone consists of alternating ribose and phosphate groups. Additionally, the ribose in RNA pairs with nitrogenous bases such as adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine. The presence of ribose is a key differentiator from DNA, providing RNA with properties that suit its functions, such as coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.
uracil
Uracil is a nitrogenous base found uniquely in RNA, replacing thymine, which is found in DNA. Uracil pairs with adenine during RNA synthesis.

The presence of uracil instead of thymine significantly differentiates RNA from DNA. Uracil lacks the methyl group that thymine has, which makes it slightly less stable but suitable for RNA鈥檚 functions. RNA鈥檚 roles include acting as a messenger (messenger RNA or mRNA), as a form of structural component (ribosomal RNA or rRNA), or transporter (transfer RNA or tRNA). Consequently, uracil is essential for the unique purposes RNA serves in cellular processes.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What are the monomers that make up proteins called? a. amino acids b. chaperones c. disaccharides d. nucleotides

For many years, scientist believed that proteins were the source of heritable information. There are many thousands of different proteins in a cell, and they mediate the cell's metabolism, producing the traits and characteristics of a species. Researchers working with DNA viruses proved that it is DNA that stores and passes on genes. They worked with viruses with an outer coat of protein and a DNA strand inside. How did they prove that it was DNA, not protein, which is the primary source of heritable information? a. The DNA and protein of the virus were tagged with different isotopes and exposed to host cell where only the DNA was transferred to the host. b. The DNA was tagged with an isotope, which was retained in the virus, proving it to be the genetic material. c. The viral protein was tagged with an isotope, and the host cell was infected by it. This protein was transferred to the host. d. The viral DNA, when sequenced, was found to be present in the host cell proving it to be the hereditary material instead of protein.

What is an example of a monosaccharide? a. cellulose b. fructose c. lactose d. sucrose

What are three functions that lipids serve in plants and or animals? a. Lipids serve in the storage of energy, as a structural component of hormones, and also as signaling molecules. b. Lipids serve in the storage of energy, as carriers for the transport of proteins across the membrane, and as signaling molecules. c. Lipids serve in the breakdown of stored energy molecules, as signaling molecules, and as structural components of hormones. d. Lipids serve in the breakdown of stored energy molecules, as signaling molecules, and as channels for protein transport.

According to the findings of the Urey and Miller experiment, the primitive atmosphere consisted of water in the form of steam, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen gases. If there was so much hydrogen gas in the early atmosphere, why is there so little now? a. Hydrogen gas is so light with a molecular weight of 1 that the excess diffused into space over time and is now absent from the atmosphere. b. Hydrogen combined with ammonia to make ammonium. c. It was all used up in the production of organic molecules. d. The excess hydrogen gas was dissolved in the early oceans.
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