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Chapter 3: Problem 36

What is found in RNA that is not in DNA? a. deoxyribose and adenine b. fructose and thymine c. glucose and quinine d. ribose and uracil

Short Answer

Expert verified
d. ribose and uracil.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the components of DNA

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) contains deoxyribose sugar, and its nucleotides include adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
02

Identify the components of RNA

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) contains ribose sugar, and its nucleotides include adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
03

Compare RNA and DNA

The key difference between RNA and DNA is that RNA has ribose sugar and uracil, while DNA has deoxyribose sugar and thymine.
04

Identify the unique components of RNA

Look at the answer choices and identify which components are unique to RNA. The components unique to RNA are ribose and uracil.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

deoxyribose
Deoxyribose is a type of sugar that is found in DNA. It is called 'deoxyribose' because it lacks one oxygen atom (hence the 'deoxy' part). This difference is crucial because it impacts the stability and function of DNA. Deoxyribose is part of the DNA backbone and helps give DNA its unique double-helix structure.

This sugar is numbered from 1鈥� to 5鈥�, which is important for forming the sugar-phosphate backbone. It is crucial to remember that deoxyribose pairs with nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine) to form the structure of DNA. So, the presence of deoxyribose instead of ribose is a primary distinction between DNA and RNA.
ribose
Ribose is the sugar found in RNA. Unlike deoxyribose, ribose has one extra oxygen atom. This characteristic makes RNA more reactive compared to DNA, which can affect its stability.

In RNA, the ribose sugar also plays a pivotal role in forming the molecule鈥檚 structure. The RNA backbone consists of alternating ribose and phosphate groups. Additionally, the ribose in RNA pairs with nitrogenous bases such as adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine. The presence of ribose is a key differentiator from DNA, providing RNA with properties that suit its functions, such as coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.
uracil
Uracil is a nitrogenous base found uniquely in RNA, replacing thymine, which is found in DNA. Uracil pairs with adenine during RNA synthesis.

The presence of uracil instead of thymine significantly differentiates RNA from DNA. Uracil lacks the methyl group that thymine has, which makes it slightly less stable but suitable for RNA鈥檚 functions. RNA鈥檚 roles include acting as a messenger (messenger RNA or mRNA), as a form of structural component (ribosomal RNA or rRNA), or transporter (transfer RNA or tRNA). Consequently, uracil is essential for the unique purposes RNA serves in cellular processes.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Urey and Miller constructed an experiment to illustrate the early atmosphere of the Earth and possible development of organic molecules in the absence of living cells. Which assumption did Urey and Miller make regarding conditions on Earth? a. electric sparks occurred to catalyze the reaction b. the composition of the gases in the atmosphere c. there was sufficient oxygen for creating life d. it produced water-soluble organic molecules

What are the four classes of lipids and what is an example of each? a. 1\. lipids like margarine 2\. wax like the coating on feathers 3\. phospholipids like cell membrane constituents 4\. steroid like cholesterol b. 1\. lipids like phosphatidylserine 2\. wax like phosphatidic acid 3\. phospholipids like oleic acid 4\. steroid like epinephrine c. 1\. lipids like phosphatidic acid 2\. waxes like margarine 3\. phospholipids like phosphatidylcholine 4\. steroids like testosterone d. 1\. lipids like cholesterol 2\. waxes like the coating on feathers 3\. phospholipids like phosphatidylserine 4\. steroids like margarine

What is the basic structure of a steroid? a. four fused hydrocarbon rings b. glycerol with three fatty acid chains c. two fatty acid chains and a phosphate group d. two six carbon rings

68\. What categories of amino acids would you expect to find on the surface of a soluble protein and which would you expect to find in the interior? Which of these are some examples for each part of the answer? a. Non-polar and charged amino acids will be present on the surface and polar in the interior of the membrane whereas non-polar will be found in the membrane embedded proteins. b. Non-polar and uncharged proteins will be found on the surface with non- polar in the interior, while only non-polar will be found in the embedded proteins. c. Polar and charged amino acids will be found on the surface whereas non- polar in the interior. d. Polar and charged amino acids will be found on the surface of a membrane protein whereas nonpolar in the interior. The membrane protein will be polar and hydrophobic.

In the metabolism of cell, why is hydrolysis used? a. Hydrolysis breaks down polymers. b. Hydrolysis is used to form linkages in DNA. C. Hydrolysis is used to produce proteins. d. Hydrolysis synthesizes new macromolecules.
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