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Chapter 25: Problem 30

What is the correct order of processes by which nutrients and energy are obtained from food? a. digestion ? ingestion ? absorption ? elimination b. ingestion ? absorption ? digestion ? elimination c. ingestion ? digestion ? absorption ? elimination d. ingestion ? digestion ? elimination ? absorption

Short Answer

Expert verified
The correct order is c. ingestion ? digestion ? absorption ? elimination.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Processes

First, make a list of the processes involved in obtaining nutrients and energy from food: ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.
02

Understand Each Process

Ingestion is taking in food, digestion is breaking down food, absorption is taking up nutrients, and elimination is expelling waste.
03

Determine the Logical Order

Logically, food must first be ingested (taken in), then digested (broken down), followed by absorption (taking up nutrients), and finally, elimination (expelling waste).
04

Match the Order with Options

Match this logical order (ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination) with the given options. Option c. matches this order.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Ingestion
Ingestion is the first step in the nutrient absorption process. This is when you take food into your mouth. Think about the act of eating. When you take a bite of your favorite apple or a spoonful of yogurt, that's ingestion. It involves:
  • Chewing food to break it into smaller pieces.
  • Mixing the food with saliva, which contains enzymes starting the digestion process.
  • Moving the food from the mouth to the stomach through swallowing.
This step is crucial because it prepares the food for the subsequent processes of digestion and absorption.
Digestion
Once food is ingested, it must be digested. Digestion breaks down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body. Here鈥檚 what happens during this process:
  • Food travels down the esophagus to the stomach.
  • In the stomach, it is mixed with gastric juices, which break down proteins.
  • The food then moves to the small intestine, where digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver further break down fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.
Digestion transforms complex food substances into simpler forms that are easier for your body to absorb.
Absorption
After digestion, the next step is absorption. This is the process where the small, digested food molecules pass through the walls of the intestines and into the bloodstream. Here鈥檚 how it works:
  • Most nutrient absorption happens in the small intestine.
  • The small intestine has tiny hair-like structures called villi, increasing its surface area to absorb more nutrients.
  • Nutrients like amino acids, simple sugars, fatty acids, and vitamins enter the bloodstream, which transports them to cells across the body.
Efficient absorption ensures that your body gets the necessary nutrients to function properly.
Elimination
The final step in the nutrient absorption process is elimination. Elimination is the removal of indigestible components and waste products from the body. Here鈥檚 what happens:
  • Waste moves from the small intestine to the large intestine.
  • The large intestine absorbs any remaining water and salts.
  • The solid waste, or feces, is stored in the rectum until it is expelled from the body through the anus.
Elimination is an essential process that prevents the build-up of waste in the body, which can be harmful.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Explain how villi and microvilli aid in absorption. a. Villi and microvilli increase the surface area of the small intestines, which aids in the absorption of bile salts and vitamin B12. b. Villi and microvilli increase the surface area of the small intestine, which increases the absorption of nutrients by diffusion. c. Villi and microvilli form the inner layer of epithelial tissue in the small intestine and increase the absorption of nutrients from chyme. d. Villi and microvilli absorb food through the small intestine via smooth muscle contractions called peristalsis.

Microvilli greatly increase the efficiency of nutrient uptake in the small intestines. How do the size and shape of microvilli promote this efficiency? a. They have a greater surface area-to-volume ratio than larger cells. The finger-like projection shape provides more surface area over the small intestines from which they absorb nutrients and contains blood vessels so nutrients passing through them can enter the bloodstream readily. b. They have a greater surface area-to-volume ratio than larger cells. The finger-like projection shape is present in the middle of microvilli, which have more surface area over the small intestines from which they absorb nutrients and also contains blood vessels so nutrients can enter the blood easily. c. They have a greater surface area-to-volume ratio than larger cells. The finger-like projections prevent large particles of food from passing through the digestive system and also contain blood vessels so nutrients passed through them can readily enter the bloodstream. d. They have a greater surface area-to-volume ratio than larger cells. The finger-like projections aid in mechanical digestion of food particles and contain blood vessels so nutrients passing through them can enter the bloodstream readily.

a. Why is it necessary to consume essential nutrients? b. What are two examples of fat-soluble essential vitamins, and what are their functions in the human body? a. a. Essential nutrients are not synthesized by the body and are not necessary for proper body function. b. Vitamins B and C are two fat-soluble essential vitamins. Vitamin B helps maintain eyesight, and vitamin C is essential for blood clotting. b. a. Essential nutrients are not synthesized by the body but are necessary for proper body function. b. Vitamins A and K are two fat-soluble essential vitamins. Vitamin A helps maintain connective tissue, and vitamin K is essential for blood clotting. c. a. Essential nutrients are synthesized by the body and are necessary for proper body function. b. Vitamins D and K are two fat-soluble essential vitamins. Vitamin D helps maintain a stable nervous system, and vitamin K is essential for blood clotting. d. a. Essential nutrients are not synthesized by the body but are necessary for proper body function. b. Vitamins A and K are two fat-soluble essential vitamins. Vitamin A helps maintain eyesight, and vitamin K is essential for blood clotting.

An experiment to measure the rate of respiration in mice at \(10^{\circ} C\) and \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) was performed using a respirometer, an apparatus that measures changes in gas volume. Respiration was measured in mL of \(O_{2}\) consumed per gram of organism over several five-minute trials, and the following data were obtained. $$\begin{array}{|c|c|}\hline \text { Organism } & {\text { Temperature \(\left(^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)\) }} & {\text { Average respiration \(\left(\mathrm{mL} 0_{2} / \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{min}\right)\) }} \\ \hline \text { Mouse } & {10} & {0.0518} \\ \hline \text { Mouse } & {25} & {0.0321} \\\ \hline\end{array}$$ According to these data, mice at 10掳C demonstratedgreater oxygen consumption per gram of tissue than mice at \(25^{\circ} C.\) Which of the following statements best explains the observation? a. The mice at 10掳C had a higher rate of ATP production than the mice at 25掳C. b. The mice at 10掳C had a lower metabolic rate than the mice at 25掳C. c. The mice at 25掳C weighed less than the mice at 10掳C. d. The mice at 25掳C were more active than the mice at 10掳C.

In protein digestion, what happens in the stomach? a. Amino peptidase and dipeptidase break peptides into amino acids. b. Pepsin breaks proteins into peptides. c. Trypsin, elastase, and chymotrypsin break proteins into peptides. d. Carboxypeptidase breaks peptides into amino acids and peptides.
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