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Chapter 23: Problem 82

Which plants have leaves that are adapted to cold temperatures? a. Conifers such as spruce, fir, and pine have ovalshaped leaves with sunken stomata, helping to reduce water loss. b. Succulents such as aloes and agaves have waxy cuticles with sunken stomata, helping to reduce water loss. c. Conifers such as spruce, orchids, and pine have needle-shaped leaves with sunken stomata, helping to reduce water loss. d. Conifers such as spruce, fir, and pine have needle-shaped leaves with sunken stomata, helping to reduce water loss.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Option D, conifers such as spruce, fir, and pine.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Question

Identify which plants have leaves that are adapted to cold temperatures by examining the characteristics of their leaves.
02

Analyze Option A

Option A mentions conifers such as spruce, fir, and pine with oval-shaped leaves and sunken stomata. Conifers do have adaptations for cold temperatures, but oval-shaped leaves are not typical of conifers.
03

Analyze Option B

Option B mentions succulents such as aloes and agaves with waxy cuticles and sunken stomata. Succulents are adapted to dry conditions, not cold temperatures.
04

Analyze Option C

Option C mentions conifers such as spruce, orchids, and pine with needle-shaped leaves and sunken stomata. Orchids are not conifers and are not typically adapted to cold temperatures.
05

Analyze Option D

Option D mentions conifers such as spruce, fir, and pine with needle-shaped leaves and sunken stomata. This description fits the adaptations of conifers for cold temperatures accurately.
06

Conclusion

Based on the analysis, Option D correctly describes plants with leaves that are adapted to cold temperatures.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

conifers adaptations
Conifers are a fascinating group of trees that have evolved various adaptations to survive in cold climates. These trees, including spruce, fir, and pine, are classified as gymnosperms, which means they produce seeds without fruits.
One of the main adaptations of conifers is their tough, scale-like or needle-shaped leaves. These leaves have several features that help them reduce water loss during the cold months when water can be scarce.
Moreover, the compact and conical shapes of conifer trees enable them to shed snow, reducing the possibility of branch breakage due to snow weight.
These features, combined, help conifers thrive in environments with harsh winters and low temperatures.
needle-shaped leaves
Needle-shaped leaves are one of the most distinctive characteristics of conifers. Unlike broad, flat leaves found on many other trees, needle-shaped leaves are narrow and thin.
This shape minimizes the surface area exposed to freezing temperatures and reduces water loss. The needles are also often covered with a thick, waxy cuticle that helps further reduce water evaporation.
Additionally, the small surface area makes it harder for snow and ice to accumulate on the leaves, preventing potential damage.
These adaptations ensure that conifers can maintain their green foliage throughout the winter, enabling them to continue photosynthesis even in colder months.
sunken stomata
Stomata are tiny openings on the surfaces of leaves that allow for gas exchange; they let in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. In conifers, these stomata are often sunken, meaning they are located in pits within the leaf.
Sunken stomata reduce the leaf's exposure to the cold, dry air, decreasing the rate of transpiration (water loss through the stomata).
This adaptation is critical for survival in cold climates where moisture is limited. By having sunken stomata, conifers can effectively conserve water while still taking in the carbon dioxide necessary for photosynthesis.
This unique adaptation, along with needle-shaped leaves and other features, ensures that conifers can endure and thrive in cold, harsh environments.

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