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Chapter 22: Problem 4

Which is an example of a relatively moderate environmental condition to which some prokaryotes are adapted and can survive as spores? a. extremely low temperature b. hypersalinity c. high doses of radiation d. normal drought

Short Answer

Expert verified
Normal drought

Step by step solution

01

- Understand the Question

The question asks to identify a moderate environmental condition where prokaryotes can adapt and survive as spores. Prokaryotes are microorganisms with no distinct nucleus, and some can form spores to endure harsh conditions.
02

- Analyze Each Option

Examine each provided option to determine if it qualifies as a moderate condition: a. Extremely low temperature 鈥� harsh condition b. Hypersalinity 鈥� harsh condition c. High doses of radiation 鈥� harsh condition d. Normal drought 鈥� comparatively moderate condition
03

- Identify the Moderate Condition

Among the given options, 'normal drought' is the least extreme and can be considered a relatively moderate environmental condition.
04

- Confirm the Prokaryotic Adaptation

Prokaryotes like certain bacteria can form spores to survive through normal drought conditions. This adaptation helps them withstand a temporary lack of water until conditions improve.
05

- Choose the Correct Answer

Based on the analysis, the correct answer is 'normal drought.'

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Environmental Adaptations
Prokaryotes have been around for billions of years. They are incredibly good at surviving in different environments. Environmental adaptations help these tiny organisms live through situations that would be deadly to other life forms.
One of the key adaptations is spore formation. Prokaryotes form spores when conditions become harsh. Spores are tough, dormant structures that can resist extreme conditions like heat, dryness, and lack of food.
These adaptations help prokaryotes make it through rough times and start growing again when the environment gets better. They can be found almost everywhere on Earth鈥攆rom hot springs to deep ocean vents and even in your backyard.
Moderate Environmental Conditions
When we talk about moderate environmental conditions, we mean environments that are not too extreme. For prokaryotes, 'normal drought' fits into this category.
Normal drought is a period of dry conditions where water is temporarily unavailable. While this could be harmful, it's considered moderate compared to extreme conditions like hypersalinity or high radiation. Some prokaryotes can form spores to survive these dry periods.
This means they can hibernate in a way, waiting for water to become available again. This is a survival strategy that ensures they can live through these moderate challenges without dying off.
Drought Tolerance
Drought tolerance is one of the incredible traits of some prokaryotes. They achieve this through spore formation. During droughts, they enter a dormant state.
By forming spores, prokaryotes become highly resistant to the lack of water. These spores have a tough outer coating that protects the important parts of the cell. This strategy allows them to 'sleep' through the drought and 'wake up' once conditions improve.
Spore formation is not just for drought; it's also useful for surviving other moderate environmental stresses. The ability to form spores is a key adaptation that makes prokaryotes so successful as a group of organisms.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

68\. In an experiment, researchers grew plant seedlings in soils to which one of two strains of bacteria were added. A control group had no bacteria added to the soil. The seedlings鈥� uptake of the nutrient potassium increased dramatically in the soil with Strain 1 and decreased dramatically in the soil with Strain 2. What specific and broad inferences about the relationship between the bacteria, the seedlings, and available nutrients can you make? a. The Strain 2 bacteria increased the availability of potassium in the soil and this nutrient was needed and used by the seedlings in the soil. The Strain 1 bacteria decreased the availability of potassium in the soil. b. The soil with Strain 1 bacteria must have had more potassium in comparison to soil with Strain 2 bacteria. The seedlings took up more potassium in Soil 1 than in 2 due to this. c. The Strain 1 bacteria increased the availability of potassium in the soil and this nutrient was needed and used by the seedlings in the soil. The Strain 2 bacteria decreased the availability of potassium in the soil. d. The Strain 1 bacteria decreased the availability of potassium in the soil and this nutrient was needed and used by the seedlings in the soil. The Strain 2 bacteria increased the availability of potassium in the soil

Nitrogen is an essential element that is widely available in the atmosphere. Because eukaryotes cannot use nitrogen in its gaseous form, they benefit from prokaryotes' conversion of gaseous nitrogen to _______ a. nitrates, a form of nitrogen they can use b. phosphate, a different essential element they can use c. ammonia, a form of nitrogen they can use d. hydrogen, a different essential element they can use

Extremophiles are considered an important area for research in the development of therapeutic drugs or industrial applications. Why do you think this is so? a. Extremophiles can be altered genetically in vitro to allow them to live in extreme conditions and this capability of alteration can be used to help humans. For example, some water-resistant prokaryotes have developed DNA repair mechanisms. Also, they could be developed and used in the treatment of human disease. b. Extremophiles have specialized adaptations that allow them to live in extreme conditions. These adaptations can be mobilized to help humans. For example, some water-resistant prokaryotes have developed DNA repair mechanisms. Also, they could be developed and used in the treatment of human disease. c. Extremophiles can be altered genetically in vitro to allow them to live in extreme conditions and this capability of alteration can be used to help humans. For example, some radiation-resistant prokaryotes have developed DNA repair mechanisms. Also, they could be developed and used in the treatment of human disease. d. Extremophiles have specialized adaptations that allow them to live in extreme conditions. These adaptations can be mobilized to help humans. For example, some radiation- resistant prokaryotes have developed DNA repair mechanisms. Also, they could be developed and used in the treatment of human disease.

Which statement about the importance of particular nutrients is false? a. Carbon is a macronutrient and major element in all macromolecules. b. Nitrogen is a macronutrient and necessary component of proteins and nucleic acids. c. Hydrogen is a macronutrient and key component d. Iron is a macronutrient necessary for the function of cytochromes.

The cell wall, a feature of most prokaryotes, is __________ a. interior to the cell membrane b. exterior to the cell membrane c. a part of the cell membrane d. interior or exterior, depending on the particular cell.
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