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Chapter 22: Problem 16

Which statement about the importance of particular nutrients is false? a. Carbon is a macronutrient and major element in all macromolecules. b. Nitrogen is a macronutrient and necessary component of proteins and nucleic acids. c. Hydrogen is a macronutrient and key component d. Iron is a macronutrient necessary for the function of cytochromes.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Statement d is false.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Question

Read the question carefully to understand that you need to identify the false statement about the importance of particular nutrients.
02

Analyze Statement a

Statement a: Carbon is a macronutrient and major element in all macromolecules. This is true because carbon is a fundamental element found in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
03

Analyze Statement b

Statement b: Nitrogen is a macronutrient and necessary component of proteins and nucleic acids. This is also true as nitrogen is essential for the formation of amino acids (proteins) and nucleotides (nucleic acids).
04

Analyze Statement c

Statement c: Hydrogen is a macronutrient and key component. This is true as hydrogen is a major element in water and organic molecules, and is therefore considered a macronutrient.
05

Analyze Statement d

Statement d: Iron is a macronutrient necessary for the function of cytochromes. This statement is false because iron is actually considered a micronutrient, not a macronutrient, even though it is essential for the function of cytochromes.
06

Identify the False Statement

Based on the analysis, the false statement is identified. Statement d is incorrect because iron is not a macronutrient.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

macronutrients
Macronutrients are nutrients that organisms need in large amounts. They include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. These elements are crucial components of vital biological molecules like proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.
  • Carbon is a key element in all organic molecules, forming the backbone of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

  • Nitrogen is essential for amino acids and nucleotides, building blocks for proteins and nucleic acids respectively.

  • Hydrogen is a part of water and organic molecules, participating in various biochemical reactions.

These macronutrients are required in substantial quantities to sustain life processes.
micronutrients
Micronutrients are nutrients required in smaller amounts compared to macronutrients but are equally essential for health and metabolic functions. Examples include vitamins and trace minerals such as iron, zinc, and copper.
  • Iron plays a critical role in oxygen transport and the function of cytochromes in cellular respiration.

  • Zinc is vital for catalytic activity of over 100 enzymes and is important for immune function and protein synthesis.

  • Copper is necessary for iron metabolism and the functioning of the cardiovascular system.

Even in small quantities, these micronutrients are indispensable for proper physiological functioning.
biological molecules
Biological molecules are essential substances that make up living organisms and are involved in various life processes. They can be categorized into four major groups:
  • Proteins are made up of amino acids and perform a wide variety of functions including catalysis (enzymes), transport, and structural support.

  • Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy and are involved in cellular communication and structural functions (e.g., cellulose in plants).

  • Lipids include fats and oils that store energy, form cell membranes, and serve as signaling molecules.

  • Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA store and transmit genetic information.

Understanding these molecules helps us grasp how nutrients contribute to overall biological functions.
nutrient functions
Each nutrient has specific roles and functions essential for the survival and well-being of organisms. They work synergistically to maintain homeostasis, support growth, and enable reproduction.
  • Macronutrients provide the energy and raw materials required for cellular respiration, growth, and repair.

  • Micronutrients facilitate critical biochemical reactions, support immune function, and protect against diseases.

Nutrients also play roles in enzyme function, hormone production, and regulation of body fluids. These functions highlight the importance of maintaining a balanced diet to achieve overall health and optimal physiological performance.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Health officials worldwide are concerned about antibiotic resistance in bacteria that cause disease. In patients infected with nonresistant strains of the bacterium that causes tuberculosis, antibiotics can relieve symptoms fast鈥攊n as short of a time as a few weeks. However, it takes much longer to stop infection entirely, and patients may discontinue treatment once symptoms are abated. In a hypothetical study, researchers found a much higher incidence of recurrent tuberculosis infection in patients who discontinued treatment once symptoms were relieved, but before the planned course of treatment was complete. Which statement best explains this result? a. The wrong course of antibiotics was used on the patient, so the infection was never treated. b. Not all of the bacteria were killed, and the remaining ones reproduced and bring back the symptoms of infection. c. The antibiotics were not prescribed for a long enough time to treat the infection. d. The infection was actually viral in nature, and so the antibiotics were a useless treatment

Which statement about diseases is false? a. An epidemic is a disease that occurs in a high number of individuals in a population at a time. b. A pandemic is a widespread, usually worldwide, epidemic. c. An endemic disease is a disease that is constantly present, usually at high incidence, in a population. d. An emerging disease is a disease that has appeared in a population for the first time.

Which statement best explains which organisms need nitrogen fixation and why? a. Prokaryotes cannot use gaseous nitrogen to synthesize macromolecules, so it must be converted into ammonia. b. Prokaryotes cannot use ammonia to synthesize macromolecules, so it must be converted into gaseous nitrogen. c. Eukaryotes cannot use ammonia to synthesize macromolecules, so it must be converted into gaseous nitrogen. d. Eukaryotes cannot use gaseous nitrogen to synthesize macromolecules, so it must be converted into ammonia.

Which statement comparing the prokaryotes Bacteria and Archaea is false? a. The cytoplasm of both bacterial and archaean prokaryotic cells has a high concentration of dissolved solutes. b. Osmotic pressure in both types of prokaryotic cells is relatively high. c. The domains Bacteria and Archaea differ in the use of fatty acids versus phytanal groups in their cell membranes. d. The domains Bacteria and Archaea have very similar cell wall structure.

Halophiles prefer conditions in which there is a ________ a. high sugar concentration b. salt concentration of at least 0.2 \(\mathrm{M}\) c. \(\mathrm{pH}\) of 3 or below d. high level of radiation
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