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Chapter 22: Problem 16

Which statement about the importance of particular nutrients is false? a. Carbon is a macronutrient and major element in all macromolecules. b. Nitrogen is a macronutrient and necessary component of proteins and nucleic acids. c. Hydrogen is a macronutrient and key component d. Iron is a macronutrient necessary for the function of cytochromes.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Statement d is false.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Question

Read the question carefully to understand that you need to identify the false statement about the importance of particular nutrients.
02

Analyze Statement a

Statement a: Carbon is a macronutrient and major element in all macromolecules. This is true because carbon is a fundamental element found in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
03

Analyze Statement b

Statement b: Nitrogen is a macronutrient and necessary component of proteins and nucleic acids. This is also true as nitrogen is essential for the formation of amino acids (proteins) and nucleotides (nucleic acids).
04

Analyze Statement c

Statement c: Hydrogen is a macronutrient and key component. This is true as hydrogen is a major element in water and organic molecules, and is therefore considered a macronutrient.
05

Analyze Statement d

Statement d: Iron is a macronutrient necessary for the function of cytochromes. This statement is false because iron is actually considered a micronutrient, not a macronutrient, even though it is essential for the function of cytochromes.
06

Identify the False Statement

Based on the analysis, the false statement is identified. Statement d is incorrect because iron is not a macronutrient.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

macronutrients
Macronutrients are nutrients that organisms need in large amounts. They include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. These elements are crucial components of vital biological molecules like proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.
  • Carbon is a key element in all organic molecules, forming the backbone of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

  • Nitrogen is essential for amino acids and nucleotides, building blocks for proteins and nucleic acids respectively.

  • Hydrogen is a part of water and organic molecules, participating in various biochemical reactions.

These macronutrients are required in substantial quantities to sustain life processes.
micronutrients
Micronutrients are nutrients required in smaller amounts compared to macronutrients but are equally essential for health and metabolic functions. Examples include vitamins and trace minerals such as iron, zinc, and copper.
  • Iron plays a critical role in oxygen transport and the function of cytochromes in cellular respiration.

  • Zinc is vital for catalytic activity of over 100 enzymes and is important for immune function and protein synthesis.

  • Copper is necessary for iron metabolism and the functioning of the cardiovascular system.

Even in small quantities, these micronutrients are indispensable for proper physiological functioning.
biological molecules
Biological molecules are essential substances that make up living organisms and are involved in various life processes. They can be categorized into four major groups:
  • Proteins are made up of amino acids and perform a wide variety of functions including catalysis (enzymes), transport, and structural support.

  • Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy and are involved in cellular communication and structural functions (e.g., cellulose in plants).

  • Lipids include fats and oils that store energy, form cell membranes, and serve as signaling molecules.

  • Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA store and transmit genetic information.

Understanding these molecules helps us grasp how nutrients contribute to overall biological functions.
nutrient functions
Each nutrient has specific roles and functions essential for the survival and well-being of organisms. They work synergistically to maintain homeostasis, support growth, and enable reproduction.
  • Macronutrients provide the energy and raw materials required for cellular respiration, growth, and repair.

  • Micronutrients facilitate critical biochemical reactions, support immune function, and protect against diseases.

Nutrients also play roles in enzyme function, hormone production, and regulation of body fluids. These functions highlight the importance of maintaining a balanced diet to achieve overall health and optimal physiological performance.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which is the best evidence that prokaryotes evolved about 3 billion years ago? a. Scientists believe photosynthesis evolved about 3.0 billion years ago. b. There is fossil evidence of mammalian forms going back about 4.0 billion years. c. Earth and its moon are thought to be about 4.5 billion years old. d. There is fossil evidence of microbial mats-large multi-layered sheets of prokaryotes-starting about 3.5 billion years ago.

A primary role of many prokaryotes in the carbon cycle is that of a. producers b. decomposers c. fixers d. synthesizers

Stanley Miller and Harold Urey conducted experiments which demonstrated that several organic compounds could be formed spontaneously by simulating the conditions of Earth's early atmosphere. When Miller and Urey repeated their experiment without the electrical discharge, no organic compounds were found. Hypothesize what might explain this result. Consider your answer in the context of the conditions of early Earth. a. The lack of organic compounds without the sparks indicates that organic components are formed from biotic components. b. The first trial of the experiment must have been done incorrectly. c. Abiotic molecules can only develop into organic molecules in the presence of oxygen, so oxygen should be added. d. Lightning, or some form of energy, is needed for the inorganic molecules in the atmosphere to interact with each other. This indicates that a similar energy source was present on early Earth which stimulates the interaction and development.

68\. In an experiment, researchers grew plant seedlings in soils to which one of two strains of bacteria were added. A control group had no bacteria added to the soil. The seedlings鈥� uptake of the nutrient potassium increased dramatically in the soil with Strain 1 and decreased dramatically in the soil with Strain 2. What specific and broad inferences about the relationship between the bacteria, the seedlings, and available nutrients can you make? a. The Strain 2 bacteria increased the availability of potassium in the soil and this nutrient was needed and used by the seedlings in the soil. The Strain 1 bacteria decreased the availability of potassium in the soil. b. The soil with Strain 1 bacteria must have had more potassium in comparison to soil with Strain 2 bacteria. The seedlings took up more potassium in Soil 1 than in 2 due to this. c. The Strain 1 bacteria increased the availability of potassium in the soil and this nutrient was needed and used by the seedlings in the soil. The Strain 2 bacteria decreased the availability of potassium in the soil. d. The Strain 1 bacteria decreased the availability of potassium in the soil and this nutrient was needed and used by the seedlings in the soil. The Strain 2 bacteria increased the availability of potassium in the soil

Describe a typical prokaryotic cell. a. It has a cell wall enclosing cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes and nucleoid region with genetic material. It may have a protective capsule, flagellum, pili and plasmids. b. It has a cell wall enclosing cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes and nucleus containing genetic material. It may have a protective capsule, flagellum, pili and plasmids. c. It has a cell wall enclosing nuclear membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes and nucleoid region with genetic material. It may have a protective capsule, flagellum, pili and plasmids. d. It has a cell wall enclosing nuclear membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, vacuoles and nucleoid region with genetic material. It may have a protective capsule, flagellum, pili and plasmids.
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