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Chapter 22: Problem 17

What are prokaryotes that obtain their energy from chemical compounds called? a. phototrophs b. autotrophs c. chemotrophs d. heterotrophs

Short Answer

Expert verified
c. chemotrophs

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Question

The task is to identify the type of prokaryotes that obtain their energy from chemical compounds.
02

Review the Options

Look at each option to understand their meanings:- Phototrophs: Organisms that obtain energy from light.- Autotrophs: Organisms that produce their own food (often from light energy, but not always).- Chemotrophs: Organisms that obtain energy from chemical compounds.- Heterotrophs: Organisms that obtain their nutrients by consuming other organisms.
03

Identify the Correct Option

Based on the definitions, chemotrophs are the prokaryotes that derive their energy from chemical compounds.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Chemotrophs
Chemotrophs are organisms, including certain prokaryotes, that obtain their energy through the oxidation of chemical compounds. These compounds can be either organic (such as glucose) or inorganic (such as hydrogen sulfide).
Unlike phototrophs that depend on light for energy, chemotrophs thrive in various environments, including extreme ones like deep-sea vents and hot springs.
  • Chemolithotrophs use inorganic compounds.
  • Chemoorganotrophs oxidize organic compounds.
This diversity in energy sources allows them to play crucial roles in ecosystems, particularly in recycling nutrients.
Phototrophs
Phototrophs are organisms that capture light energy to produce their own energy. They use pigments like chlorophyll to absorb light and convert it into chemical energy through photosynthesis.
The main categories of phototrophs are:
  • Photoautotrophs: These organisms, such as plants and cyanobacteria, use light energy to fix carbon dioxide into organic compounds.
  • Photoheterotrophs: These organisms, like some types of bacteria, use light for energy but also need organic compounds for carbon.
Phototrophs are essential for life on Earth as they are primary producers and form the base of most food webs.
Autotrophs
Autotrophs are organisms that produce their own food from inorganic substances. They do not rely on other organisms for their nutrients.
There are two main types of autotrophs:
  • Photoautotrophs: These use light energy to synthesize organic compounds. Examples include plants and algae.
  • Chemoautotrophs: These use chemical energy to fix carbon. They are often found in extreme environments and include certain bacteria and archaea.
Autotrophs are essential because they are producers in the food chain, supplying energy to heterotrophs.
Heterotrophs
Heterotrophs are organisms that cannot synthesize their own food. They rely on consuming other organisms to obtain their nutrients and energy.
Examples of heterotrophs include animals, fungi, and many bacteria. They can further be classified based on their food sources:
  • Herbivores: Eat plants.
  • Carnivores: Eat animals.
  • Omnivores: Eat both plants and animals.
  • Decomposers: Break down organic matter.
Heterotrophs are essential in ecosystems for breaking down organic material and facilitating nutrient cycling.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

68\. In an experiment, researchers grew plant seedlings in soils to which one of two strains of bacteria were added. A control group had no bacteria added to the soil. The seedlings鈥� uptake of the nutrient potassium increased dramatically in the soil with Strain 1 and decreased dramatically in the soil with Strain 2. What specific and broad inferences about the relationship between the bacteria, the seedlings, and available nutrients can you make? a. The Strain 2 bacteria increased the availability of potassium in the soil and this nutrient was needed and used by the seedlings in the soil. The Strain 1 bacteria decreased the availability of potassium in the soil. b. The soil with Strain 1 bacteria must have had more potassium in comparison to soil with Strain 2 bacteria. The seedlings took up more potassium in Soil 1 than in 2 due to this. c. The Strain 1 bacteria increased the availability of potassium in the soil and this nutrient was needed and used by the seedlings in the soil. The Strain 2 bacteria decreased the availability of potassium in the soil. d. The Strain 1 bacteria decreased the availability of potassium in the soil and this nutrient was needed and used by the seedlings in the soil. The Strain 2 bacteria increased the availability of potassium in the soil

Pseudopeptidoglycan is a characteristic of the walls of some _______ a. eukaryotic cells b. bacterial prokaryotic cells c. archaean prokaryotic cells d. bacterial and archaean prokaryotic cells

Why is the processing of foods with prokaryotes considered an example of early biotechnology? a. Prokaryotes have been used to only make specific food products like cheese, wine, bread, beer and yogurt since before the term biotechnology was coined. b. Prokaryotes have been used to make and alter specific food products like cheese, wine, single cell proteins, beer and yogurt since before the term biotechnology was coined. c. As prokaryotes have been used to make and alter specific food products like cheese, wine, bread, beer and yogurt since before the term biotechnology was coined. d. As prokaryotes have been used to alter specific food products like cheese, wine, bread, beer and yogurt since before the term biotechnology was coined.

Which statement comparing the prokaryotes Bacteria and Archaea is false? a. The cytoplasm of both bacterial and archaean prokaryotic cells has a high concentration of dissolved solutes. b. Osmotic pressure in both types of prokaryotic cells is relatively high. c. The domains Bacteria and Archaea differ in the use of fatty acids versus phytanal groups in their cell membranes. d. The domains Bacteria and Archaea have very similar cell wall structure.

Nitrogen is an essential element that is widely available in the atmosphere. Because eukaryotes cannot use nitrogen in its gaseous form, they benefit from prokaryotes' conversion of gaseous nitrogen to _______ a. nitrates, a form of nitrogen they can use b. phosphate, a different essential element they can use c. ammonia, a form of nitrogen they can use d. hydrogen, a different essential element they can use
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