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Chapter 18: Problem 19

What is unique about speciation due to adaptive radiation? a. It leads to multiple species forming from one parent species. b. It only occurs on or around island archipelagos. c. It requires a population to disperse from its parent species. d. It is a special kind of sympatric speciation.

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. It leads to multiple species forming from one parent species.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Concept of Speciation

Speciation is the process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. Adaptive radiation is a type of speciation.
02

Analyze Adaptive Radiation

Adaptive radiation occurs when a single ancestral species rapidly diversifies into multiple new species, often due to new environmental opportunities.
03

Evaluate Option A

Option a states that adaptive radiation leads to multiple species forming from one parent species, which aligns with the understanding of rapid diversification.
04

Evaluate Option B

Option b notes that adaptive radiation only occurs on or around island archipelagos. This is not entirely correct, as adaptive radiation can occur in various environments.
05

Evaluate Option C

Option c suggests it requires a population to disperse from its parent species, which is not a necessity for adaptive radiation.
06

Evaluate Option D

Option d indicates it is a special kind of sympatric speciation. Sympatric speciation involves speciation within the same geographic location, but adaptive radiation can happen in both sympatric and allopatric contexts.
07

Identify the Correct Answer

Based on the analysis, option a is the correct and unique feature of speciation due to adaptive radiation.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Speciation
Speciation is the evolutionary process through which new biological species arise. This process is crucial for generating biodiversity and involves the splitting of a single evolutionary lineage into two or more genetically independent ones.
There are different modes of speciation:
  • Allopatric Speciation: occurs when populations of a species are geographically isolated from each other.
  • Sympatric Speciation: occurs without geographical isolation, often through genetic changes or ecological niches within the same environment.
  • Peripatric Speciation: similar to allopatric speciation but involves small outlying populations being isolated from the main group.
  • Parapatric Speciation: occurs when populations are adjacent to each other but experience different selective pressures.
Understanding these mechanisms helps us see how species evolve and adapt to new environments.
Evolution
Evolution refers to the change in the heritable traits of biological populations over successive generations. Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection is a cornerstone of evolutionary biology, explaining how traits that enhance survival and reproduction become more common in a population.
  • Natural Selection: the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
  • Genetic Drift: random changes in the frequency of alleles (variants of a gene) within a population.
  • Mutation: changes in DNA sequences that can introduce new genetic variations.
  • Gene Flow: the transfer of genetic material between populations.
These mechanisms drive the evolution of species, leading to adaptive changes over time. This continuous process ensures that species can thrive in changing environments.
Diversification
Diversification in an evolutionary context refers to the increase in variety and complexity within a group of organisms. Adaptive radiation is a key example of diversification, where a single ancestral species rapidly evolves into multiple new forms to exploit different ecological niches.
Adaptive radiation can be driven by:
  • New Environmental Opportunities: such as when species colonize new areas with a variety of unoccupied niches.
  • Evolutionary Innovations: like the development of new structures or behaviors that allow species to exploit different resources.
  • Extinction Events: that remove competitors, allowing survivors to diversify.
Diversification through adaptive radiation is not limited to island archipelagos but can occur in any environment where new opportunities and niches arise. The classic examples include Darwin's finches on the Gal谩pagos Islands and the cichlid fishes of Africa's Great Lakes, each demonstrating how species diversify and adapt to their habitats.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which situation is an example of a prezygotic barrier? a. Two species of fish produce sterile offspring. b. Two species of flowers attract different pollinators. c. Two species of insects mate, but the zygote does not survive. d. Two species of lizards mate, but the offspring dies before reproducing

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Which are two primary sources of genetic variation? a. mutations and sexual reproduction b. isolation and sexual reproduction c. sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction d. migration and sexual reproduction

The radiant energy emitted by a star gradually increases after its birth. During the Hadean eon, while the molten Earth cooled and life emerged, the Sun provided approximately 25% less radiant energy than it does now. Ignoring effects due to differences in the composition of Earth's atmosphere between then and now, this means that the average surface temperature of the surface would be about 25 掳C below the freezing temperature of water. Evidence of liquid water on Earth during the Hadean eon is provided by geologic structures known only to form in liquid water, such as lava pillows and the stromatolites that are the fossilized layers of photosynthetic cyanobacteria. Pose a scientific question that guides inquiry into early Earth conditions that supported the innovation of photosynthesis.
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