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Chapter 14: Problem 16

In which direction does DNA replication take place? a. 5鈥� to 3鈥� b. 3鈥� to 5鈥� c. 5鈥� d. 3鈥�

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. 5鈥� to 3鈥�

Step by step solution

01

Understand DNA Replication

DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA.
02

Recognize the Directionality of DNA Strands

DNA strands have directionality, meaning one end is referred to as 5鈥� (5-prime) and the other end as 3鈥� (3-prime) based on the carbon atoms in the deoxyribose sugar molecules.
03

Determine the Direction of Synthesis

DNA polymerase, the enzyme that synthesizes DNA, can only add nucleotides to the 3鈥� end of a growing DNA strand. Hence, new DNA strand synthesis extends from the 5鈥� end towards the 3鈥� end.
04

Choose the Correct Answer

Given that DNA replication occurs from the 5鈥� end towards the 3鈥� end, the correct answer is: a. 5鈥� to 3鈥�.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

DNA polymerase
DNA polymerase is a vital enzyme in the process of DNA replication. It is responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to the growing strand.
This enzyme
nucleotide addition
During DNA replication, nucleotides are the building blocks that get added to the growing DNA strand.
Each nucleotide consists of three components: a nitrogenous base, a deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group. The addition of nucleotides occurs in a specific direction, always from the 5鈥� end to the 3鈥� end.
DNA strand directionality
The directionality of DNA strands is fundamental to understanding how DNA functions.
Each DNA strand has two distinguishable ends, referred to as the 5鈥� end and the 3鈥� end.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Provide a brief summary of the Sanger sequencing method. a. Frederick Sanger鈥檚 sequencing is a chain termination method that is used to generate DNA fragments that terminate at different points using dye-labeled dideoxynucleotides. DNA is separated by electrophoresis on the basis of size. The DNA sequence can be read out on an electropherogram generated by a laser scanner. b. Frederick Sanger鈥檚 sequencing is a chain elongation method that is used to generate DNA fragments that elongate at different points using dye-labeled dideoxynucleotides. DNA is separated by electrophoresis on the basis of size. The DNA sequence can be read out on an electropherogram generated by a laser scanner. c. Frederick Sanger鈥檚 sequencing is a chain termination method that is used to generate DNA fragments that terminate at different points using dye-labeled dideoxynucleotides. DNA is joined together by electrophoresis on the basis of size. The DNA sequence can be read out on an electropherogram generated by a laser scanner. d. Frederick Sanger鈥檚 sequencing is a chain termination method that is used to generate DNA fragments that terminate at different points using dye-labeled dideoxynucleotides. DNA is separated by electrophoresis on the basis of size. The DNA sequence can be read out on an electropherogram generated by a magnetic scanner.

Meselson and Stahl鈥檚 experiments proved that DNA replicates by which mode? a. conservative b. converse c. dispersive d. semi-conservative

What happens when a dideoxynucleotide is added to a developing DNA strand? a. The chain extends to the end of the DNA strand. b. The DNA stand is duplicated. c. The chain is not extended any further. d. The last codon is repeated.

What is the initial mechanism for repairing nucleotide errors in DNA? a. DNA polymerase proofreading b. mismatch repair c. nucleotide excision repair d. thymine dimers

Discuss the effects of point mutations on a DNA strand. a. Mutations can cause a single change in an amino acid. A nonsense mutation can stop the replication or reading of that strand. Insertion or deletion mutations can cause a frame shift. This can result in non-functional proteins. b. Mutations can cause a single change in amino acid. A missense mutation can stop the replication or reading of that strand. Insertion or deletion mutations can cause a frame shift. This can result in non-functional proteins. c. Mutations can cause a single change in amino acid. A nonsense mutation can stop the replication or reading of that strand. Substitution mutations can cause a frame shift. This can result in non-functional proteins. d. Mutations can cause a single change in amino acid. A nonsense mutation can stop the replication or reading of that strand. Insertion or deletion mutations can cause a frame shift. This can result in functional proteins.
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