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The M checkpoint arises towards the conclusion of the metaphase stage.

Checkpoint M is used to ensure that each of the spindle microtubules is properly linked to the spindle chromosomes of the cell. A cell's division cycle can't continue until each pair of the sister chromatids' kinetochores is securely attached to at least two spindle fibres that emerge from opposite ends of the cell's poles, a process known as anaphase.

Thus, the correct option is - (d).

The M checkpoint involved sister chromatid and kinetochore, more precisely their firm association which was actually seen in anaphase. So, there is a relation between the M phase and prophase.

Thus, option (a) is incorrect.

The M checkpoint involved sister chromatid and kinetochore, more precisely their firm association which was actually seen in anaphase. So, there is a relation between the M phase and prometaphase.

Thus, option (b) is incorrect.

The M checkpoint involved sister chromatid and kinetochore, more precisely their firm association which was actually seen in anaphase. So, there is a relation between the M phase and metaphase.

Thus, option (c) is incorrect.