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Chapter 9: Q. 29 (page 252)
What would happen if the intracellular domain of a cellsurface receptor was switched with the domain from another receptor?
Normal activation of the pathway occurs if switched with the receptor of another domain or extracellular domain.
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Why are ion channels necessary to transport ions into or out of a cell?
a. Ions are too large to diffuse through the membrane.
b. Ions are charged particles and cannot diffuse through the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.
c. Ions do not need ion channels to move through the membrane.
d. Ions bind to carrier proteins in the bloodstream, which must be removed before transport into the cell.
HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In 30 percent of human breast cancers, HER2 is permanently activated, resulting in unregulated cell division. Lapatinib, a drug used to treat breast cancer, inhibits HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation (the process by which the receptor adds phosphates onto itself), thus reducing tumor growth by 50 percent. Besides autophosphorylation, which of the following steps would be inhibited by Lapatinib?
a. Signaling molecule binding, dimerization, and the downstream cellular response.
b. Dimerization, and the downstream cellular response.
c. The downstream cellular response.
d. Phosphatase activity, dimerization, and the downsteam cellular response.
Which of the following statements about quorum sensing is false?
a. Autoinducer must bind to receptor to turn on transcription of genes responsible for the production of more autoinducer.
b. The receptor stays in the bacterial cell, but the autoinducer diffuses out.
c. Autoinducer can only act on a different cell: it cannot act on the cell in which it is made.
d. Autoinducer turns on genes that enable the bacteria to form a biofilm.
How does PKC鈥檚 signaling role change in response to growth factor signaling versus an immune response?
a. PKC interacts directly with signaling molecules in both cascades, but only exhibits kinase activity during growth factor signaling.
b. PKC interacts directly with signaling molecules in growth factor cascades, but interacts with signaling inhibitors during immune signaling.
c. PKC amplifies growth factor cascades, but turns off immune cascades.
d. PKC is activated during growth factor cascades, but is inactivated during immune response cascades.
Endocrine signals are transmitted more slowly than paracrine signals because ___________.
a. the ligands are transported through the bloodstream and travel greater distances
b. the target and signaling cells are close together
c. the ligands are degraded rapidly
d. the ligands don't bind to carrier proteins during transport
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