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Chapter 9: Q. 18 (page 251)

How does PKC鈥檚 signaling role change in response to growth factor signaling versus an immune response?

a. PKC interacts directly with signaling molecules in both cascades, but only exhibits kinase activity during growth factor signaling.

b. PKC interacts directly with signaling molecules in growth factor cascades, but interacts with signaling inhibitors during immune signaling.

c. PKC amplifies growth factor cascades, but turns off immune cascades.

d. PKC is activated during growth factor cascades, but is inactivated during immune response cascades.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The correct option is b.

Step by step solution

01

Step 1. Introduction

PKC is a protein kinase C enzyme which is involved in signalling pathways and also control the function of other proteins.

02

Step 2. Explanation for correct option

Option b is correct because Protein Kinase C or PKC directly communicate with signaling substance in growth factor cascades but communicate with signaling inhibitors while immune signaling. I魏-B (inhibitor) when binds with NF-螝b (immune genes), the complex cannot enter the cell but when the inhibitor is phosphorylated, it no longer attaches to NF-魏B and it enters the nucleus as a result of activating transcription.

03

Step 3. Explanation for incorrect options

Option a is incorrect because Protein Kinase C or PKC directly communicate with signaling substance in growth factor cascades but communicate with signaling inhibitors while immune signaling.

Option c is incorrect because Protein Kinase C or PKC does not intensify growth factor cascades or inhibit immune cascades instead it directly communicates with signaling substance in growth factor cascades but communicates with signaling inhibitors while immune signaling.

Option d is incorrect because Protein Kinase C or PKC enzymes are activated by signals such as DAG or Calcium ion concentration increases.

hence, option b is correct

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What property prevents the ligands of cell-surface receptors from entering the cell?

a. The molecules bind to the extracellular domain.

b. The molecules are hydrophilic and cannot penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the plasma membrane.

c. The molecules are attached to transport proteins that deliver them through the bloodstream to target cells.

d. The ligands are able to penetrate the membrane and directly influence gene expression upon receptor binding.

The secretion of hormones by the pituitary gland is an example of _______________.

a. autocrine signaling

b. paracrine signaling

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d. direct signaling across gap junctions

How does NF-魏B induce gene expression?

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b. Phosphorylation of the inhibitor I魏-B dissociates the complex between it and NF-魏B, and allows NF- 魏B to enter the nucleus and stimulate transcription.

c. NF-魏B is phosphorylated and is then free to enter the nucleus and bind DNA.

d. NF-魏B is a kinase that phosphorylates a transcription factor that binds DNA and promotes protein production.

The same second messengers are used in many different cells, but the response to second messengers is different in each cell. How is this possible?

Histamine binds to the H1 G-protein-linked receptor to initiate the itchiness and airway constriction associated with an allergic response. If a mutation in the associated G-protein鈥檚 alpha subunit prevented the hydrolysis of GTP how would the allergic response change? a. More severe allergic response compared to normal G-protein signaling. b. Less severe allergic response compared to normal G-protein signaling. c. No allergic response. d. No change compared to normal G-protein signaling.
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